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annotate help/YATEXHLP.eng @ 70:44e3a5e1e883

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Fix makefile for Windows Brush up label completion \cite completion Support much more about LaTeX2e --- [yahtml] English Info (By Jun Ohya) Automatic pixel size detection for <img src="..."> Aware global-class of css definition & for char-entity reference
author yuuji
date Sun, 09 Apr 2000 03:37:47 +0000
parents 0eb6997bee16
children 1b172d26b55e
rev   line source
yuuji@70 1 %%%
yuuji@70 2 %%% YaTeX-LaTeX Help File(c)HIROSE Yuuji [yuuji@yatex.org]
yuuji@70 3 %%% You can translate this file for any device other than YaTeX via
yuuji@70 4 %%% any filter program. But it is not allowed to remove copyright
yuuji@70 5 %%% notice and any existing dictionary entiries.
yuuji@70 6 %%%
yuuji@70 7
yuuji@51 8 textfloatsep
yuuji@51 9 \addtolength{\textfloatsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 10 Length between the text and a float at the top or bottom of page
yuuji@51 11
yuuji@51 12 floatsep
yuuji@51 13 \addtolength{\floatsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@51 14 Length between two floats
yuuji@51 15
yuuji@51 16 oddsidemargin
yuuji@51 17 \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 18 Length between text and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
yuuji@54 19 right page
yuuji@54 20
yuuji@51 21
yuuji@51 22 pagestyle
yuuji@54 23 \pagestyle{STYLE}
yuuji@54 24 Determines header and footer styles on output page. There are the
yuuji@54 25 following styles
yuuji@54 26 plain Standard style. Page number only in footer.
yuuji@54 27 empty No headers or footers are output.
yuuji@54 28 headings Puts page number and headings according to section in header.
yuuji@54 29 No footer is output.
yuuji@54 30 myheadings User defines what goes into headings using \markbpth and \markright
yuuji@51 31
yuuji@51 32 thispagestyle
yuuji@54 33 \thispagestyle{STYLE}
yuuji@54 34 Determines the STYLE for the current page only
yuuji@51 35
yuuji@51 36 pagenumbering
yuuji@54 37 \pagenumbering{STYLE}
yuuji@54 38 Determines the STYLE of page numbers. Type of STYLEs are,
yuuji@54 39 arabic arabic numerals
yuuji@54 40 alph lowercase alphabets
yuuji@54 41 Alph uppercase alphabets
yuuji@54 42 roman lowercase roman numerals
yuuji@54 43 Roman uppercase roman numerals
yuuji@51 44
yuuji@51 45 shortstack
yuuji@54 46 \shortstack[POSITION]{TEXT\\TO BE\\STACKED}
yuuji@54 47 Stack and display contents within {}, separated by \\.
yuuji@54 48 Possible [POSITION]s are, l(left), c(center), r(right).
yuuji@51 49
yuuji@51 50 newlength
yuuji@51 51 \newlength{NAME}
yuuji@54 52 Declare NAME as a length command.
yuuji@51 53
yuuji@51 54 addtolength
yuuji@54 55 \addtolength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE}
yuuji@54 56 Adds VALUE to LENGTH COMMAND.
yuuji@54 57 See \setlength for major style parameters.
yuuji@51 58
yuuji@51 59 setlength
yuuji@54 60 \setlength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE}
yuuji@54 61 Set the value of LENGTH COMMAND to VALUE.
yuuji@54 62 Major style parameters are:
yuuji@54 63 (Style parameters must be changed in the preamble)
yuuji@51 64 \evensidemargin \footheight \footskip \headheight
yuuji@51 65 \headsep \marginparsep \marginparwidth \oddsidemargin
yuuji@51 66 \textheight \textwidth \topmargin \topskip
yuuji@51 67 \parindent \baselineskip \baselinestretch \parskip
yuuji@51 68 \columnsep \columnseprule \mathindent
yuuji@51 69
yuuji@51 70 settowidth{\NAME}{TEXT}
yuuji@54 71 Set the value of \NAME to the width of \hbox{TEXT}.
yuuji@51 72
yuuji@51 73 evensidemargin
yuuji@51 74 \setlength{\evensidemargin}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 75 Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
yuuji@54 76 left page.
yuuji@51 77
yuuji@51 78 footheight
yuuji@51 79 \setlength{\footheight}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 80 Height of footer.
yuuji@51 81
yuuji@51 82 footskip
yuuji@51 83 \setlength{\footskip}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 84 Length between bottom of body and footer.
yuuji@51 85
yuuji@51 86 headheight
yuuji@51 87 \addtolength{\headheight}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 88 Height of header.
yuuji@51 89
yuuji@51 90 headsep
yuuji@51 91 \setlength{\headsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 92 Length between top of body and header.
yuuji@51 93
yuuji@51 94 marginparsep
yuuji@51 95 \addtolength{\marginparsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 96 Length between the body and marginal notes
yuuji@51 97
yuuji@51 98 marginparwidth
yuuji@51 99 \addtolength{\marginparwidth}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 100 Width of marginal notes.
yuuji@51 101
yuuji@51 102 oddsidemargin
yuuji@51 103 \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 104 Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
yuuji@54 105 right page.
yuuji@54 106
yuuji@51 107
yuuji@51 108 textheight
yuuji@51 109 \addtolength{\textheight}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 110 Height of text.
yuuji@51 111
yuuji@51 112 textwidth
yuuji@51 113 \addtolength{\textwidth}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 114 Width of body.
yuuji@51 115
yuuji@51 116 topmargin
yuuji@51 117 \addtolength{\topmargin}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 118 Length between the header and a line one inch from the top of the page.
yuuji@51 119
yuuji@51 120 topskip
yuuji@51 121 \addtolength{\topskip}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 122 Length between top of the body to the first line of the text.
yuuji@51 123
yuuji@51 124 parindent
yuuji@51 125 \setlength{\parindent}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 126 Width of indentation at the beginning of a paragraph.
yuuji@51 127
yuuji@51 128 linewidth
yuuji@51 129 \addtolength{\linewidth}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 130 Width of lines.
yuuji@51 131
yuuji@51 132 baselineskip
yuuji@51 133 \addtolength{baselineskip}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 134 Minimum height between baselines (bottom of a line).
yuuji@51 135
yuuji@51 136 baselinestretch
yuuji@51 137 \renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.5}
yuuji@54 138 Value to multiply \baselineskip. (default is 1)
yuuji@54 139 (* Redefine using \renewcommand. Don't use \setlength.
yuuji@51 140
yuuji@51 141 parskip
yuuji@51 142 \addtolength{\parskip}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 143 Vertical space before a paragraph.
yuuji@51 144
yuuji@51 145 columnsep
yuuji@51 146 \addtolength{\columnsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 147 Width between columns in a two column environment.
yuuji@51 148
yuuji@51 149 columnseprule
yuuji@51 150 \addtolength{\columnseprule}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 151 Width of ruler to separate columns in a two column environment.
yuuji@54 152 (default is 0pt)
yuuji@51 153
yuuji@51 154 columnwidth
yuuji@51 155 \addtolength{\columnwidth}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 156 (\textwidth - \columnsep)/2 in a two column environment.
yuuji@54 157 Otherwise, equal to \textwidth.
yuuji@51 158
yuuji@51 159 mathindent
yuuji@51 160 \addtolength{mathindent}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 161 Width of indentation of a equation from the left margin, when fleqn is
yuuji@54 162 defined as style option.
yuuji@51 163
yuuji@51 164 LaTeX
yuuji@51 165 \LaTeX
yuuji@54 166 Display \LaTeX logo. Definition of \LaTeX is;
yuuji@51 167 \def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em
yuuji@51 168 T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
yuuji@51 169
yuuji@51 170 fragile
yuuji@54 171 ** LaTeX term **
yuuji@54 172 Any command which expanded result changes by an argument.
yuuji@54 173 Opposite is a robust command.
yuuji@51 174
yuuji@51 175 robust
yuuji@54 176 ** LaTeX term **
yuuji@54 177 Commands which expanded results are always the same.
yuuji@54 178 Font type/size selection commands, length commands, and most commands
yuuji@54 179 used within math mode is robust.
yuuji@54 180 (maketitle type commands that don't take any arguments)
yuuji@51 181
yuuji@51 182 protect
yuuji@54 183 \protect `a fragile command'
yuuji@54 184 Commands that the result changes according to it's arguments are
yuuji@54 185 called "fragile commands". When an argument is referenced in more
yuuji@54 186 than one place, the command is said to "take a moving argument".
yuuji@54 187 chapter and caption, whose argument will be used in the table of
yuuji@54 188 contents, or an @ in an tabular/array environment are examples.
yuuji@51 189
yuuji@54 190 When a "fragile command" is used in a "moving argument", it must be
yuuji@54 191 preceded by a \protect. Following is an example.
yuuji@51 192
yuuji@51 193 \newcommand{\thissystem}[1]{YaTeX version #1}
yuuji@54 194 \chapter{About \protect \thissystem{1.50}}
yuuji@51 195
yuuji@51 196 newcommand
yuuji@54 197 \newcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF}
yuuji@54 198 Define a macro \NAME as DEF, taking ARGS number of arguments. The nth
yuuji@54 199 argument will be referred as #n in the definition.
yuuji@54 200 If used as
yuuji@51 201 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\underline{#1}}
yuuji@54 202 \foo{bar} will be expanded to \underline{bar}. When a font selection
yuuji@54 203 command is used as
yuuji@51 204 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\bf #1}
yuuji@54 205 \foo{bar} will be expanded as \bf bar in the text, so, it must be used as
yuuji@51 206 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{{\bf #1}}
yuuji@51 207
yuuji@54 208 If NAME is already defined as a macro, it will return an error. To
yuuji@54 209 redefine, use \renewcommand.
yuuji@51 210
yuuji@51 211 renewcommand
yuuji@54 212 \renewcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF}
yuuji@54 213 Redefine an already defined command.
yuuji@51 214 <refer newcommand>
yuuji@51 215
yuuji@51 216 newenvironment
yuuji@54 217 \newenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2}
yuuji@54 218 Define a new environment.
yuuji@54 219 \begin{NAME} will be replaced by DEF1 and \end{NAME} will be replaced
yuuji@54 220 by DEF2. Same as
yuuji@54 221 \newcommand{\NAME}{DEF1} \def{\end{\NAME}}{DEF2}
yuuji@51 222
yuuji@51 223 renewenvironment
yuuji@54 224 \renewenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2}
yuuji@54 225 Redefine an environment NAME that already exists.
yuuji@51 226 <refer newenvironment>
yuuji@51 227
yuuji@51 228 typeout
yuuji@54 229 \typeout{MESSAGE}
yuuji@54 230 Output MESSAGE to the terminal while typesetting.
yuuji@51 231
yuuji@51 232 typein
yuuji@54 233 \typein{MESSAGE} \typein[\MACRO]{MESSAGE}
yuuji@54 234 Output MESSAGE to terminal and execute the input.
yuuji@54 235 In the second form, \MACRO will be defined as the input.
yuuji@51 236
yuuji@51 237 par
yuuji@51 238 \par
yuuji@54 239 Used to separate paragraphs. Same as a blank line.
yuuji@51 240
yuuji@51 241 everypar
yuuji@51 242 \everypar
yuuji@51 243 RTFM
yuuji@51 244
yuuji@51 245 nopagebreak
yuuji@51 246 \nopagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
yuuji@54 247 Prevents pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
yuuji@51 248
yuuji@51 249 pagebreak
yuuji@51 250 \pagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
yuuji@54 251 Forces pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
yuuji@51 252
yuuji@51 253 linebreak
yuuji@51 254 \linebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
yuuji@54 255 Forces lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
yuuji@51 256
yuuji@51 257 nolinebreak
yuuji@51 258 \nolinebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
yuuji@54 259 Prevents lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
yuuji@51 260
yuuji@51 261 samepage
yuuji@51 262 \samepage
yuuji@54 263 Prevents page to be broken.
yuuji@51 264 RTFM
yuuji@51 265
yuuji@51 266 obeycr
yuuji@51 267 \obeycr
yuuji@54 268 Define <CR> as \\. see \restorecr
yuuji@51 269
yuuji@51 270 restorecr
yuuji@51 271 \restorecr
yuuji@54 272 Restore <CR>'s definition changed by \obeycr.
yuuji@51 273
yuuji@51 274 \
yuuji@54 275 \\ \\[LENGTH]
yuuji@54 276
yuuji@54 277 Breaks a line at any given point. Same as \newline if used within a
yuuji@54 278 paragraph. If an option argument LENGTH is given, vertical space to
yuuji@54 279 next line will be \vspace{LENGTH}.
yuuji@51 280
yuuji@51 281 addvspace
yuuji@54 282 \addvspace{SKIP}
yuuji@54 283 Adds space equal to SKIP to vertical space. If more than one values
yuuji@54 284 are given as \addvspace{S1} \addvspace{S2}, it will be the same as
yuuji@54 285 \addvspace{the larger of S1, S2}.
yuuji@51 286
yuuji@51 287 vspace
yuuji@54 288 \vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 289 Adds vertical space of LENGTH.
yuuji@54 290 \vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not
yuuji@54 291 add at beginning or end of a page.
yuuji@51 292
yuuji@51 293 vspace*
yuuji@54 294 \vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 295 Adds vertical space of LENGTH.
yuuji@54 296 \vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not
yuuji@54 297 add at beginning or end of a page.
yuuji@51 298
yuuji@51 299 hspace
yuuji@54 300 \hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 301 Adds horizontal space of LENGTH.
yuuji@54 302 \hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add
yuuji@54 303 at beginning or end of a line.
yuuji@51 304
yuuji@51 305 hspace*
yuuji@54 306 \hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 307 Adds horizontal space of LENGTH.
yuuji@54 308 \hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add
yuuji@54 309 at beginning or end of a line.
yuuji@51 310
yuuji@51 311 smallskip
yuuji@51 312 \smallskip
yuuji@54 313 Put a small vertical space.
yuuji@51 314 \def\smallskip{\vspace\smallskipamount}
yuuji@51 315
yuuji@51 316 medskip
yuuji@51 317 \medskip
yuuji@54 318 Put a medium vertical space.
yuuji@51 319 \def\medskip{\vspace\medskipamount}
yuuji@51 320
yuuji@51 321 bigskip
yuuji@51 322 \bigskip
yuuji@54 323 Put a big vertical skip.
yuuji@51 324 \def\bigskip{\vspace\bigskipamount}
yuuji@51 325
yuuji@51 326 ,
yuuji@51 327 \,
yuuji@54 328 Opens a thin space. Can be used in paragraph mode, LR mode, or math mode.
yuuji@54 329 Used to write a quote within a quote.
yuuji@54 330 example: ``\,`Foo', he said.''
yuuji@54 331 Spaces that can be used in math mode are:
yuuji@54 332 \: medium space
yuuji@54 333 \! negative and thin space
yuuji@54 334 \; thick space
yuuji@51 335
yuuji@51 336 :
yuuji@51 337 $\:$
yuuji@54 338 Medium space. Math mode only.
yuuji@51 339
yuuji@51 340 !
yuuji@51 341 $\!$
yuuji@54 342 Negative thin space. Math mode only.
yuuji@51 343
yuuji@51 344 ;
yuuji@51 345 $\;$
yuuji@54 346 Thick space. Math mode only.
yuuji@51 347
yuuji@54 348 whiledo{TEST}{BODY}
yuuji@54 349 Repeat BODY while TEST is true.
yuuji@51 350
yuuji@51 351 nofiles
yuuji@51 352 \nofiles
yuuji@54 353 If \nofiles is in the preamble, .aux, .idx, .lof, .lot, .toc files will
yuuji@54 354 not be made.
yuuji@51 355
yuuji@51 356 includeonly
yuuji@51 357 \includeonly{sub1} \includeonly{sub1,sub3}
yuuji@54 358 Appoints actual files to be read and processed by \include{}. (.tex can
yuuji@54 359 be suppressed)
yuuji@54 360 Files not given in the argument list of \includeonly will not be
yuuji@54 361 processed at all. If the file has been processed before, it will be
yuuji@54 362 treated as if there were no changes from then.
yuuji@51 363
yuuji@51 364 include
yuuji@51 365 \include{FILE}
yuuji@54 366 Same as
yuuji@51 367 \clearpage \input{FILE} \clearpage
yuuji@51 368
yuuji@51 369 input
yuuji@51 370 \input{FILE}
yuuji@54 371 Process as if FILE.tex has been inserted at that point.
yuuji@51 372
yuuji@51 373 setcounter
yuuji@51 374 \setcounter{FOO}{VAL}
yuuji@54 375 Set counter FOO's value to VAL.
yuuji@51 376
yuuji@51 377 addtocounter
yuuji@51 378 \addtocounter{FOO}{VAL}
yuuji@54 379 Add value VAL to counter FOO.
yuuji@51 380
yuuji@51 381 newcounter
yuuji@51 382 \newcounter{COUNTER}[OLDCTR]
yuuji@54 383 Defines a new counter COUNTER.
yuuji@54 384 If an optional argument OLDCTR is given, COUNTER's value will be reset
yuuji@54 385 every time OLDCTR's value is changed by \stepcounter or \addtocounter.
yuuji@51 386
yuuji@51 387 value
yuuji@51 388 \value{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 389 Returns value of COUNTER. Must not be preceded by \protect.
yuuji@51 390
yuuji@51 391 stepcounter
yuuji@51 392 \stepcounter{FOO}
yuuji@54 393 Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to FOO.
yuuji@51 394
yuuji@51 395 refstepcounter
yuuji@51 396 \refstepcounter{FOO}
yuuji@54 397 Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to
yuuji@54 398 FOO. Defers with \stepcounter as; if \label{hoge} follows immediately
yuuji@54 399 after \refstepcounter{FOO}, \ref{hoge}'s value will be set to \value{FOO}.
yuuji@51 400
yuuji@51 401 arabic
yuuji@51 402 \arabic{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 403 Output COUNTER's value in arabic numerals.
yuuji@51 404
yuuji@51 405 roman
yuuji@51 406 \roman{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 407 Output COUNTER's value in lower case roman numerals.
yuuji@51 408
yuuji@51 409 Roman
yuuji@51 410 \Roman{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 411 Output COUNTER's value in upper case roman numerals.
yuuji@51 412
yuuji@51 413 alph
yuuji@51 414 \alph{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 415 Output COUNTER's value in lower case alphabet.
yuuji@51 416
yuuji@51 417 Alph
yuuji@51 418 \Alph{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 419 Output COUNTER's value in upper case alphabet.
yuuji@51 420
yuuji@51 421 fnsymbol
yuuji@51 422 \fnsymbol{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 423 Output COUNTER's value in footnote symbols (1 = *, 2 = \dagger, ...).
yuuji@54 424 Math mode only.
yuuji@51 425
yuuji@51 426 label
yuuji@51 427 \label{LABEL}
yuuji@54 428 Set value of LABEL to \ref VALUE.
yuuji@54 429 This value is referred by \ref{VALUE}. \pageref{LABEL} refers to the
yuuji@54 430 page number \label{LABEL} exists.
yuuji@54 431 ``\ref VALUEs'' are, section commands as \section, \item commands within
yuuji@54 432 an enumerate environment, values set by a theorem environment. For
yuuji@54 433 example, immediately after a \item of a enumerate environment, the item
yuuji@54 434 number will be the ``\ref VALUE''. \label{LABEL} will set the item
yuuji@54 435 number to LABEL.
yuuji@51 436
yuuji@51 437 ref
yuuji@51 438 \ref{LABEL}
yuuji@54 439 Refer to LABEL's value set by \label{LABEL}.
yuuji@54 440 Examples of values returned are; page numbers for LABELs set in the main
yuuji@54 441 text, table numbers for LABELs set in a table, and the item number for
yuuji@54 442 LABELs set in an item of the enumerate environment.
yuuji@51 443
yuuji@51 444 pageref
yuuji@51 445 pageref{LABEL}
yuuji@54 446 Refer to the page number where \label{LABEL} exists.
yuuji@51 447
yuuji@51 448 (
yuuji@54 449 \( EQUATION \)
yuuji@54 450 Produce an in-text equation.
yuuji@54 451 Same as
yuuji@54 452 \begin{math} EQUATION \end{math}
yuuji@54 453 \( and \) are fragile.
yuuji@51 454
yuuji@51 455 )
yuuji@51 456 \( x^2 = 4 \)
yuuji@54 457 Produce an in-text equation.
yuuji@54 458 Same as
yuuji@54 459 \begin{math} EQUATION \end{math}
yuuji@54 460 \( and \) are fragile.
yuuji@51 461
yuuji@51 462 [
yuuji@54 463 \[ EQUATION \]
yuuji@54 464 Produce an equation in display mode.
yuuji@54 465 Same as
yuuji@54 466 \begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath}
yuuji@54 467 \[ and \] are fragile.
yuuji@51 468
yuuji@51 469 )
yuuji@54 470 \[ EQUATION \]
yuuji@54 471 Produce an equation in display mode.
yuuji@54 472 Same as
yuuji@54 473 \begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath}
yuuji@54 474 \[ and \] are fragile.
yuuji@51 475
yuuji@51 476 equation
yuuji@54 477 \begin{equation} EQUATION \end{equation}
yuuji@54 478 Produce a numbered equation in displaymath mode.
yuuji@51 479
yuuji@51 480 eqnarray
yuuji@54 481 \begin{eqnarray} EQNS \end{eqnarray}
yuuji@54 482 Produce equations aligned in three columns. The columns are separated by
yuuji@54 483 & as ``left member & sign & right member''. For example,
yuuji@51 484 \begin{eqnarray}
yuuji@51 485 3x + 2y & = & 4 \\
yuuji@51 486 x - 4y & = & -5
yuuji@51 487 \end{eqnarray}
yuuji@51 488
yuuji@51 489 eqnarray*
yuuji@54 490 \begin{eqnarray*} EQNS \end{eqnarray*}
yuuji@54 491 Same as eqnarray, except no equation numbers are produced.
yuuji@51 492
yuuji@51 493 frac
yuuji@54 494 \frac{NUMER}{DENOM}
yuuji@54 495 Produce a fraction as
yuuji@54 496 NUMER
yuuji@54 497 ------
yuuji@54 498 DENOM
yuuji@54 499 Same as {NUMER \over DENOM}
yuuji@51 500
yuuji@51 501 sqrt
yuuji@54 502 \sqrt[N]{EQUATION}
yuuji@54 503 Produces the Nth power of EQUATION. Gives a square root if [N] is not given.
yuuji@51 504
yuuji@51 505 lefteqn
yuuji@54 506 \lefteqn{EQUATION}
yuuji@54 507 In display math mode, presume EQUATION has zero width and print it flush left.
yuuji@54 508 Used in eqnarray environment when the left member is too long and needs
yuuji@54 509 folding.
yuuji@51 510 \begin{eqnarray}
yuuji@51 511 \lefteqn{a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n =} \\
yuuji@51 512 & & a_1 + b_1 + \cdots + z_1 + \\
yuuji@51 513 & & b_2 + c+2 + \cdost + z_2
yuuji@51 514 \end{eqnarray}
yuuji@51 515
yuuji@51 516 center
yuuji@54 517 \begin{center} TEXT \end{center}
yuuji@54 518 Center TEXT. Each line must be separated by \\.
yuuji@54 519 <refer \centering>
yuuji@51 520
yuuji@51 521 flushright
yuuji@54 522 \begin{flushright} TEXT \end{flushright}
yuuji@54 523 Align end of each line with right margin. Each line must be separated by \\.
yuuji@54 524 <refer \raggedright>
yuuji@51 525
yuuji@51 526 flushleft
yuuji@54 527 \begin{flushleft} TEXT \end{flushleft}
yuuji@54 528 Align start of each line with left margin. \\ can be given to decide
yuuji@54 529 point of line break. Otherwise lines will be broken at an appropriate
yuuji@54 530 length.
yuuji@54 531 <refer \raggedleft>
yuuji@51 532
yuuji@51 533 centering
yuuji@51 534 \centering
yuuji@54 535 Produce a centered paragraph.
yuuji@54 536 Declared at the beginning of a table/figura environment, it will center
yuuji@54 537 until the end of the environment.
yuuji@51 538
yuuji@51 539 raggedright
yuuji@51 540 \raggedright
yuuji@54 541 Produce flush-left paragraphs.
yuuji@51 542
yuuji@51 543 raggedleft
yuuji@51 544 \raggedleft
yuuji@54 545 Produce flush-right paragraphs.
yuuji@51 546
yuuji@51 547 raggedbottom
yuuji@51 548 \raggedbottom
yuuji@54 549 Allow height of each page to vary.
yuuji@54 550 Declared in the preamble.
yuuji@54 551 <refer \flushbottom>
yuuji@51 552
yuuji@51 553 flushbottom
yuuji@51 554 \flushbottom
yuuji@54 555 Make all text pages the same height.
yuuji@54 556 Declared in the preamble.
yuuji@54 557 <refer \raggedbottom>
yuuji@51 558
yuuji@51 559 sloppy
yuuji@51 560 \sloppy
yuuji@54 561 Always breaks the line at the right-hand margin, but allows too much
yuuji@54 562 space between words.
yuuji@54 563 <refer \fussy>
yuuji@51 564
yuuji@51 565 fussy
yuuji@51 566 \fussy
yuuji@54 567 Return to normal line breaking.
yuuji@54 568 <refer \sloppy>
yuuji@51 569
yuuji@51 570 sloppypar
yuuji@54 571 \begin{sloppypar} PARAGRAPH \end{sloppypar}
yuuji@54 572 Produce PARAGRAPH in \sloppy.
yuuji@54 573 <refer \sloppy>
yuuji@51 574
yuuji@51 575 verbatim
yuuji@51 576 \begin{verbatim} ... \end{verbatim}
yuuji@51 577 The verbatim environment uses the fixed-width \tt font, turns blanks into
yuuji@54 578 spaces, starts a new line for each carriage return (or sequence of
yuuji@51 579 consecutive carriage returns), and interprets EVERY character literally.
yuuji@51 580 I.e., all special characters \, {, $, etc. are \catcode'd to 'other'.
yuuji@51 581
yuuji@51 582 verbatim*
yuuji@51 583 \begin{verbatim*} ... \end{verbatim*}
yuuji@54 584 The verbatim* environment is the same to verbatim, except that spaces
yuuji@54 585 print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces.
yuuji@51 586 <refer verbatim>
yuuji@51 587
yuuji@51 588 list
yuuji@54 589 \begin{list}{LABEL}{PARAMETER} ... \end{list}
yuuji@54 590 Enter list environment. Each \item will be listed with an indent.
yuuji@54 591 First argument gives the default label when \item's optional argument is
yuuji@54 592 omitted. Second argument gives parameters to be processed for each item.
yuuji@54 593 example:
yuuji@51 594 \begin{list}%
yuuji@51 595 {$\diamond$}
yuuji@51 596 {\addtolength{\leftmargin}{4em}}
yuuji@54 597 \item First argument is the default label when \verb|\item|'s optional
yuuji@54 598 argument is given.
yuuji@54 599 \item Second argument will be processed for each item.
yuuji@54 600 \item[*] If a optional argument is given such as this, it will be the label.
yuuji@51 601 \end{list}
yuuji@51 602
yuuji@54 603 Variables to control the list environment are as follow; (default value)
yuuji@54 604 horizontal:
yuuji@54 605 <refer variables to control list environment>
yuuji@51 606
yuuji@54 607 variables to control list environment
yuuji@54 608 \labelwidth width of label
yuuji@54 609 \labelsep space between right of label and text of first item
yuuji@54 610 \leftmargin left margin within list environment
yuuji@54 611 \rightmargin right margin within list environment (0pt)
yuuji@54 612 \itemindent width of indent preceding item (0pt)
yuuji@54 613 \linewidth width of line
yuuji@54 614 \listparindent indent for each paragraph (except first paragraph with \item)
yuuji@54 615 (0pt)
yuuji@51 616
yuuji@54 617 vertical:
yuuji@54 618 \topsep space between last paragraph before list environment and
yuuji@54 619 first item
yuuji@54 620 \partopsep space added to \topsep when starting a new paragraph in list
yuuji@54 621 environment
yuuji@54 622 \itemsep space between successive items
yuuji@54 623 \parsep space between paragraphs within the same item
yuuji@51 624
yuuji@51 625 itemize
yuuji@54 626 \begin{itemize} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{itemize}
yuuji@54 627 Produce a bulleted list.
yuuji@54 628 Can be nested to four levels.
yuuji@54 629 ``bullets'' shown at top of each item of the four levels are controlled
yuuji@54 630 by \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii, \labelitemiv.
yuuji@51 631
yuuji@54 632 Variables to control the itemize environment are;
yuuji@54 633 <refer variables to control list environment>
yuuji@51 634
yuuji@51 635 enumerate
yuuji@54 636 \begin{enumerate} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{enumerate}
yuuji@54 637 Produce a numbered list.
yuuji@54 638 Can be nested to four levels.
yuuji@54 639 Numbers for items on each level are held in enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv.
yuuji@54 640 Each item's label are produced by \labelenumi, ..., \labelenumiv.
yuuji@54 641 \p@enumN\theenumN will set \ref's value. (N is the depth of level.
yuuji@54 642 refer \ref for value of \ref)
yuuji@54 643 For example, if declared
yuuji@51 644 \def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
yuuji@51 645 \def\p@enumii{\theenumi\theenumii}
yuuji@51 646 \def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
yuuji@54 647 \ref's value will be 3a.
yuuji@51 648
yuuji@54 649 Variables to control enumerate environment are,
yuuji@54 650 <refer variables to control list environment>
yuuji@51 651
yuuji@51 652 item
yuuji@51 653 \item \item[LABEL]
yuuji@54 654 Start an item in itemize, enumerate, description environment.
yuuji@54 655 Output LABEL if [LABEL] is given.
yuuji@51 656
yuuji@51 657 description
yuuji@54 658 \begin{description} \item[LABEL] CONTENTS ... \end{description}
yuuji@54 659 Produce [LABEL] as a label.
yuuji@51 660
yuuji@51 661 subitem
yuuji@54 662 \subitem ITEM
yuuji@54 663 Define a subitem.
yuuji@51 664
yuuji@51 665 subsubitem
yuuji@54 666 \subsubitem ITEM
yuuji@54 667 Define a subsubitem.
yuuji@51 668
yuuji@51 669 makebox
yuuji@54 670 \makebox[WID][POS]{OBJECT} \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{OBJECT}
yuuji@54 671 First form will place OBJECT at position POS and width WID in a \box.
yuuji@54 672 For POS, object will be placed flush-left if l, flush-right if r, and
yuuji@54 673 centered if nothing is given
yuuji@54 674 In the second form, object will be placed in a \hbox sized (X,Y) (in
yuuji@54 675 \unitlength) within a picture environment. POS is the same as the first form.
yuuji@51 676
yuuji@51 677 mbox
yuuji@54 678 \mbox{OBJECT}
yuuji@54 679 Same as \makebox{OBJECT}.
yuuji@51 680
yuuji@51 681 newsavebox
yuuji@51 682 \newsavebox{\CMD}
yuuji@54 683 Define a new box saving command. \CMD is used in a \savebox command to
yuuji@54 684 save boxes. Commands defined by \newsavebox are always global.
yuuji@51 685
yuuji@51 686 savebox
yuuji@54 687 \savebox{\CMD}{TEXT}
yuuji@54 688 Save results of TEXT in \CMD to be boxed.
yuuji@54 689 TEXT is the same as the argument of \makebox, but the results of
yuuji@54 690 processing TEXT is not displayed in-place. Boxes processed by
yuuji@54 691 \usebox{\CMD} will be placed.
yuuji@51 692
yuuji@51 693 sbox
yuuji@54 694 \sbox{\CMD}{TEXT}
yuuji@54 695 Same as \savebox. \sbox is robust, and \savebox is fragile.
yuuji@51 696
yuuji@51 697 framebox
yuuji@54 698 \framebox{OBJECT}
yuuji@54 699 Do the same thing as \makebox with a frame.
yuuji@54 700 The frame's width and space between the object are decided by \framerule
yuuji@54 701 and \framesep. If used as \framebox(X,Y){OBJECT} in a picture
yuuji@54 702 environment, width of frame will be dependant to the picture
yuuji@54 703 environment's line width, and space between the object and frame can not
yuuji@54 704 be opened.
yuuji@51 705
yuuji@51 706 fbox
yuuji@54 707 \fbox{OBJECT}
yuuji@54 708 Same as \framebox{OBJECT}.
yuuji@54 709 \fbox is robust, \framebox fragile.
yuuji@51 710
yuuji@51 711 parbox
yuuji@51 712 \parbox[POS]{WIDTH}{TEXT}
yuuji@54 713 Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT. The box's position by POS is;
yuuji@54 714 c : centering (default)
yuuji@54 715 b : bottom of box matches present text
yuuji@54 716 t : top of box matches present text
yuuji@51 717
yuuji@54 718 In \parbox, parameters will be reset as;
yuuji@51 719 \parskip = 0pt
yuuji@51 720 \linewidth = \hsize
yuuji@51 721 \@totalleftmargin = 0pt
yuuji@51 722 \leftskip = 0pt
yuuji@51 723 \rightskip = 0pt
yuuji@51 724 \@rightskip = 0pt
yuuji@51 725 \parfillskip = 0pt plus 1fil
yuuji@51 726 \lineskip = \normallineskip
yuuji@51 727 \baselineskip = \normalbaselineskip
yuuji@51 728
yuuji@51 729 minipage
yuuji@51 730 \begin{minipage}[pos]{WIDTH} TEXT \end{minipage}
yuuji@54 731 Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT as \parbox. The box's position by
yuuji@54 732 POS is;
yuuji@54 733 c : centering (default)
yuuji@54 734 b : bottom of box matches present text
yuuji@54 735 t : top of box matches present text
yuuji@54 736 TEXT will be processed as a normal paragraph, differing from \parbox.
yuuji@51 737
yuuji@51 738 rule
yuuji@51 739 \rule[RAISED]{WIDTH}{HEIGHT}
yuuji@54 740 Make a rule of WIDTH x HEIGHT. If RAISED is given, will be raised that
yuuji@54 741 amount.
yuuji@51 742
yuuji@51 743 underline
yuuji@51 744 \underline{TEXT}
yuuji@54 745 Underline TEXT.
yuuji@51 746
yuuji@51 747 raisebox
yuuji@51 748 \raisebox{DISTANCE}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{BOX}
yuuji@54 749 Raise BOX by DISTANCE.
yuuji@54 750 If HEIGHT and DEPTH are given, TeX will take it as the height and depth
yuuji@54 751 of the box.
yuuji@54 752 (see TeXBook for more info)
yuuji@51 753
yuuji@51 754 tabbing
yuuji@51 755 \begin{tabbing} \= text1.1 \= text1.2 \\ \> text2.1 \> text2.2 \end{tabbing}
yuuji@54 756 Creates an environment of aligned columns (nesting allowed). For example,
yuuji@51 757 \begin{tabbing}
yuuji@54 758 \= ITEM1 \hspace*{2em} \= ITEM2 \hspace*{3em} \= ITEM3 \\
yuuji@54 759 \> aabbcc \> ddeeff \> gghhii \+ \\
yuuji@54 760 \> jjkkll \> mmnnoo \\
yuuji@54 761 \> ppqqrr \- \\
yuuji@54 762 \> ssttuu \> vvwwxx \> yyzzzz
yuuji@51 763 \end{tabbing}
yuuji@54 764 will be processed with three tab stops as,
yuuji@54 765 (1st item) (2nd item) (3rd item)
yuuji@54 766 aabbcc ddeeff gghhii
yuuji@54 767 jjkkll mmnnoo
yuuji@54 768 ppqqrr
yuuji@54 769 ssttuu vvwwxx yyzzzz
yuuji@54 770 \2em/ \3em/
yuuji@54 771 Commands to control the tabbing environment are; (n starts from 1)
yuuji@54 772 \= Sets the nth tab stop position to the current position and increment
yuuji@54 773 the tab counter (n) by 1.
yuuji@54 774 \\ Start a new line and reset the tab counter (n=1)
yuuji@54 775 \> Set the position to the nth tab stop and increment the tab counter by 1.
yuuji@54 776 \+ Add 1 to the next line's tab counter's initial value. If written as
yuuji@54 777 \+ \\, the next line's \> will give the position of the second tab
yuuji@54 778 stop. Multiple \+ will accumulate tab counter's initial value.
yuuji@54 779
yuuji@54 780 \- Reverse of \+. Decrease initial value of tab counter for next line
yuuji@54 781 by 1.
yuuji@54 782 \< Decrease value of tab counter by 1 and set the tab stop. Can be
yuuji@54 783 only used at the beginning of a line.
yuuji@54 784 \' Output at a position \tabbinsep right from the normal tab stop.
yuuji@54 785 \` Output remaining text flush-right.
yuuji@54 786 \pushtabs Push all tab stop positions being used.
yuuji@54 787 \poptabs Push all tab stop positions being used. \pushtabs and \poptabs
yuuji@54 788 must be used in pairs. Nesting allowed.
yuuji@54 789 \aX In a tabbing environment, accents are produced by \a=, \a', \a`
yuuji@52 790 \kill Without outputting text, parse tabbing definition.
yuuji@51 791
yuuji@51 792 array
yuuji@51 793 \begin{array}{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{array}
yuuji@51 794 Make a mathematical array. Useful to make matrix.
yuuji@51 795 See the help of `tabular' for detailed description.
yuuji@51 796
yuuji@51 797 tabular
yuuji@51 798 \begin{tabular}[OPT]{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{tabular}
yuuji@51 799 Make tabular.
yuuji@51 800 [[OPT]]
yuuji@51 801 [t] Align the top of tabular to the line.
yuuji@51 802 [b] Align the bottom of tabular to the line.
yuuji@51 803 [[PREAMBLE]]
yuuji@51 804 l,r,c : indicate where entry is to be placed.
yuuji@51 805 | : for vertical rule
yuuji@51 806 @{EXP} : inserts the text EXP in every column. \arraycolsep or \tabcolsep
yuuji@51 807 spacing is suppressed.
yuuji@51 808 *{N}{PRE} : equivalent to writing N copies of PRE in the preamble. PRE
yuuji@51 809 may contain *{N'}{EXP'} expressions.
yuuji@68 810 p{LEN} : makes entry in parbox of width LEN. This is useful when
yuuji@68 811 each column contains long sentences.
yuuji@51 812
yuuji@51 813 [[Usable commands in array, tabular environment]]
yuuji@51 814 \multicolumn
yuuji@51 815 <refer multicolumn>
yuuji@51 816 \vline
yuuji@51 817 <refer vline>
yuuji@51 818 \hline
yuuji@51 819 <refer hline>
yuuji@51 820 \cline{i-j}
yuuji@51 821 <refer cline>
yuuji@51 822 \extracolsep{W}
yuuji@51 823 <refer extracolsep>
yuuji@51 824
yuuji@51 825
yuuji@68 826 See below as an example.
yuuji@51 827
yuuji@51 828 \LaTeX Expression Printed image
yuuji@51 829 \begin{array}{ccr}
yuuji@51 830 x+y+z & a_1 & 1 \\ x+y+z a1 1
yuuji@51 831 x+z & a_2 & 21 \\ x+z a2 21
yuuji@51 832 y & a_3 & 321 y a3 321
yuuji@51 833 \end{array}
yuuji@51 834
yuuji@51 835 \[ \left(
yuuji@51 836 \begin{array}{cccc}
yuuji@51 837 a_{11} & a_{12} & \dots & a_{1n} \\ / a11 a12 ... a1n \
yuuji@51 838 a_{21} & a_{22} & \dots & a_{2n} \\ | a21 a22 ... a2n |
yuuji@51 839 \vdots & \vdots & \ddots& \vdots \\ | : : \. : |
yuuji@51 840 a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \dots & a_{nn} \ an1 an2 ..: ann /
yuuji@51 841 \end{array}
yuuji@51 842 \right)\]
yuuji@51 843
yuuji@68 844 \begin{tabular}{lp{0.7\textwidth}
yuuji@68 845 \hline ----------------------------
yuuji@68 846 \verb|.| & Period matches with . Period matches with any
yuuji@68 847 any single character.\\ single character.
yuuji@68 848 \verb|*| & Asterisk matches with * Asterisk matches with 0
yuuji@68 849 0 or more repetition or more repetition of
yuuji@68 850 of preceding regexp. preceding regexp.
yuuji@68 851 \\ \hline ----------------------------
yuuji@68 852 \end{tabular}
yuuji@68 853
yuuji@68 854 (End of example)
yuuji@68 855
yuuji@51 856 \right(, \left) or \right{, left} or \right[, \left] or \right|, \left|
yuuji@51 857 can enclose whole of array environment by parentheses, braces, brackets,
yuuji@51 858 norm respectively. The number of `\right's and `\left's should be the
yuuji@51 859 same, but the type of parentheses don't have to match like
yuuji@51 860 \right( \left]. `\right.' produces the invisible parenthesis.
yuuji@51 861
yuuji@51 862 \[ Ans. \cdots \left\{ /
yuuji@51 863 \begin{array}{ccc} | x = 5
yuuji@51 864 x & = & 5 \\ Ans. ...<
yuuji@51 865 y & = & 3 | y = 3
yuuji@51 866 \end{array} \right. \] \
yuuji@51 867
yuuji@51 868 Here are the style parameters for the tabular environment.
yuuji@51 869 \arraycolsep : half the width separating columns in an array environment
yuuji@51 870 \tabcolsep : half the width separating columns in a tabular environment
yuuji@51 871 \arrayrulewidth : width of rules
yuuji@51 872 \doublerulesep : space between adjacent rules in array or tabular
yuuji@51 873 \arraystretch : line spacing in array and tabular environments is done by
yuuji@51 874 placing a strut in every row of height and depth
yuuji@51 875 \arraystretch times the height and depth of the strut
yuuji@54 876 produced by an ordinary \strut command.
yuuji@51 877
yuuji@51 878 Tabular environment cannot spread across pages. `supertabular.sty'
yuuji@54 879 allows this.
yuuji@51 880
yuuji@51 881 tabular*
yuuji@52 882 \begin{tabular*}{WIDTH}{PREAMBLE} ... \end{tabular*}
yuuji@51 883 Make tabular environment with specifying its width.
yuuji@51 884 To fill this width, use \extracolsep{} of preamble as below:
yuuji@51 885 \begin{tabular*}{10em}[b]{|c@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|c|c|}
yuuji@51 886 \hline
yuuji@51 887 a & b & c \\ \hline
yuuji@51 888 1 & 2 & 3
yuuji@51 889 \end{tabular*}
yuuji@51 890 See also tabular.
yuuji@51 891
yuuji@51 892 multicolumn
yuuji@51 893 \multicolumn{N}{FORMAT}{ITEM}
yuuji@51 894 In tabular environment,
yuuji@51 895 replaces the next N column items by
yuuji@51 896 ITEM, formatted according to FORMAT. FORMAT should contain at most
yuuji@51 897 one l,r or c. If it contains none, then ITEM is ignored.
yuuji@51 898
yuuji@51 899 vline
yuuji@51 900 \vline
yuuji@51 901 In tabular environment,
yuuji@51 902 draws a vertical line the height of the current row. May
yuuji@51 903 appear in an array element entry.
yuuji@51 904
yuuji@51 905
yuuji@51 906 hline
yuuji@51 907 \hline
yuuji@51 908 In tabular environment draws a horizontal line between rows. Must
yuuji@51 909 appear either before the first entry (to appear above the first row) or
yuuji@51 910 right after a \\ command. If followed by another \hline, then adds a
yuuji@51 911 \vskip of \doublerulesep.
yuuji@51 912
yuuji@51 913 cline
yuuji@51 914 \cline{i-j}
yuuji@51 915 In tabular environment,
yuuji@51 916 draws horizontal lines between rows covering columns
yuuji@51 917 i through j, inclusive. Multiple commands may follow
yuuji@51 918 one another to provide lines covering several disjoint
yuuji@51 919 columns
yuuji@51 920
yuuji@51 921 extracolsep
yuuji@51 922 \extracolsep{W}
yuuji@51 923 for use inside an @ in the preamble. Causes a WIDTH
yuuji@51 924 space to be added between columns for the rest of the
yuuji@51 925 columns. This is in addition to the ordinary intercolumn
yuuji@51 926 space.
yuuji@51 927
yuuji@51 928 picture
yuuji@51 929 \begin{picture}(WIDTH,HEIGHT)(X,Y) ..contents.. \end{picture}
yuuji@51 930 The picture environment allows you to create just about any kind of
yuuji@51 931 picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles. You tell
yuuji@51 932 LaTeX where to put things in the picture by specifying their
yuuji@51 933 coordinates. A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point
yuuji@51 934 and a minus sign - a number like 5, 2.3 or -3.1416. A coordinate
yuuji@51 935 specifies a length in multiples of the unit length \unitlength, so if
yuuji@51 936 \unitlength has been set to 1cm, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a
yuuji@51 937 length of 2.54 centimeters. You can change the value of \unitlength
yuuji@51 938 anywhere you want, using the \setlength command, but strange things
yuuji@51 939 will happen if you try changing it inside the picture environment.
yuuji@51 940
yuuji@51 941 A position is a pair of coordinates, such as (2.4,-5), specifying the
yuuji@51 942 point with x-coordinate 2.4 and y-coordinate -5. Coordinates are
yuuji@51 943 specified in the usual way with respect to an origin, which is
yuuji@51 944 normally at the lower-left corner of the picture. Note that when a
yuuji@51 945 position appears as an argument, it is not enclosed in braces; the
yuuji@51 946 parentheses serve to delimit the argument.
yuuji@51 947
yuuji@51 948 The picture environment has one mandatory argument, which is a
yuuji@51 949 position. It specifies the size of the picture. The environment
yuuji@51 950 produces a rectangular box with width and height determined by this
yuuji@51 951 argument's x- and y-coordinates.
yuuji@51 952
yuuji@51 953 The picture environment also has an optional position argument,
yuuji@51 954 following the size argument, that can change the origin. (Unlike
yuuji@51 955 ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square
yuuji@51 956 brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at
yuuji@51 957 the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin).
yuuji@51 958 For example, if \unitlength has been set to 1mm, the command
yuuji@51 959
yuuji@51 960 \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
yuuji@51 961
yuuji@51 962 produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200
yuuji@51 963 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose
yuuji@51 964 upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first
yuuji@51 965 draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the
yuuji@51 966 origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your
yuuji@51 967 picture by shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional
yuuji@51 968 argument.
yuuji@51 969
yuuji@51 970 The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of
yuuji@51 971 the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture
yuuji@51 972 really is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the
yuuji@51 973 picture, or even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used by
yuuji@51 974 TeX in determining how much room to leave for it.
yuuji@51 975
yuuji@51 976 Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the \put command. The
yuuji@51 977 command
yuuji@51 978
yuuji@51 979 \put (11.3,-.3){...}
yuuji@51 980
yuuji@51 981 puts the object specified by "..." in the picture, with its reference
yuuji@51 982 point at coordinates (11.3,-.3). The reference points for various
yuuji@51 983 objects will be described below.
yuuji@51 984
yuuji@51 985 The \put command creates an LR box. You can put anything in the text
yuuji@51 986 argument of the \put command that you'd put into the argument of an
yuuji@51 987 \mbox and related commands. When you do this, the reference point
yuuji@51 988 will be the lower left corner of the box.
yuuji@51 989
yuuji@51 990 Picture environment is obsolete I thinks, so show only commands.
yuuji@51 991
yuuji@51 992 [[COMMANDS]]
yuuji@51 993 \put(X,Y){OBJECT}
yuuji@51 994 \multiput(X,Y)(dX,dY){REPEAT}{OBJECT}
yuuji@51 995 [[OBJECTS]]
yuuji@51 996 \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 997 \framebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 998 \dashbox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 999 (POS = l, r, b, t)
yuuji@51 1000 \line(dX,dY){HorizontalLength}
yuuji@51 1001 \vector(dX,dY){HorizontalLength} (arrow)
yuuji@51 1002 (dX,dY = +-1, +-2, ..., +-6)
yuuji@51 1003 \shortstack[POS]{FIRST\\SECOND\\THIRD...}
yuuji@51 1004 \circle{DIAMETER}
yuuji@51 1005 \circle*{DIAMETER} (Filled circle)
yuuji@51 1006 (Maximum diameters are 40pt, 15pt)
yuuji@51 1007 \oval(Dia-X,DiaY)[POS] (Oval POS = l, r, t, b)
yuuji@51 1008 \frame{OBJECT}
yuuji@51 1009 \thinlines, \thicklines (choose line thickness)
yuuji@51 1010 \linethickness{THICKNESS}
yuuji@51 1011
yuuji@51 1012 newtheorem
yuuji@51 1013 \newtheorem{NAME}{TEXT}[COUNTER] \newtheorem{NAME}[OLDNAME]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 1014 This defines the environment NAME to be just as one would expect a
yuuji@51 1015 theorem environment to be, except that it prints ``TEXT'' instead of
yuuji@51 1016 ``Theorem''.
yuuji@51 1017
yuuji@51 1018 If OLDNAME is given, then environments NAME and OLDNAME use the same
yuuji@51 1019 counter, so using a NAME environment advances the number of the next
yuuji@51 1020 NAME environment, and vice-versa.
yuuji@51 1021
yuuji@51 1022 If COUNTER is given, then environment NAME is numbered within COUNTER.
yuuji@51 1023 E.g., if COUNTER = subsection, then the first NAME in subsection 7.2
yuuji@51 1024 is numbered TEXT 7.2.1.
yuuji@51 1025
yuuji@51 1026 The way NAME environments are numbered can be changed by redefining
yuuji@51 1027 \theNAME.
yuuji@51 1028
yuuji@51 1029 title
yuuji@51 1030 \title{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1031 Define the title of the document.
yuuji@51 1032
yuuji@51 1033 author
yuuji@51 1034 \author{AUTHOR}
yuuji@51 1035 Declare the author of the document.
yuuji@51 1036
yuuji@51 1037 date
yuuji@51 1038 \date{DATE}
yuuji@51 1039 Define the date of document which is used by \maketitle.
yuuji@51 1040 Omitting DATE produces current date.
yuuji@51 1041
yuuji@51 1042 thanks
yuuji@51 1043 \thanks{FOOTNOTE}
yuuji@51 1044 Output a footnote in title page.
yuuji@51 1045
yuuji@51 1046 maketitle
yuuji@51 1047 \maketitle
yuuji@51 1048 Output a title. Should be written in document environment.
yuuji@51 1049 Here are the constituents of title page.
yuuji@51 1050 \title{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1051 \author{AUTHOR}
yuuji@51 1052 \date{DATE} (If DATE omitted, output the date of typesetting)
yuuji@51 1053 \thanks{NOTE} (Output a thanks message or the post of the author)
yuuji@51 1054
yuuji@51 1055 part
yuuji@51 1056 \part{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1057 Start a new part whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1058 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1059
yuuji@51 1060 chapter
yuuji@51 1061 \chapter{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1062 Start a chapter whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1063 Sectioning commands:
yuuji@51 1064 \part Part ?
yuuji@51 1065 \chapter Chapter ? (not available in `article.sty')
yuuji@51 1066 \section ?
yuuji@51 1067 \subsection ?.?
yuuji@51 1068 \subsubsection ?.?.?
yuuji@51 1069 \paragraph ***
yuuji@51 1070 \subparagraph ===
yuuji@51 1071
yuuji@51 1072 section
yuuji@51 1073 \section{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1074 Start a section whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1075 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1076
yuuji@51 1077 subsection
yuuji@51 1078 \subsection{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1079 Start a subsection whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1080 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1081
yuuji@51 1082 subsubsection
yuuji@51 1083 \subsubsection{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1084 Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1085 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1086
yuuji@51 1087 paragraph
yuuji@51 1088 \paragraph{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1089 Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1090 <refer chapter
yuuji@51 1091
yuuji@51 1092 subparagraph
yuuji@51 1093 \subparagraph{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1094 Start a subparagraph whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1095 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1096
yuuji@51 1097 appendix
yuuji@51 1098 \appendix
yuuji@51 1099 Declare the beginning of appendix.
yuuji@51 1100 Change the numbering fashion to appendix oriented.
yuuji@51 1101
yuuji@51 1102 contentsline
yuuji@51 1103 \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{PAGE}
yuuji@51 1104 \contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22}
yuuji@51 1105 Macro to produce a TYPE entry in a table of contents, etc.
yuuji@51 1106 It will appear in the .TOC or other file. For example,
yuuji@51 1107 The entry for subsection 1.4.3 in the table of contents might
yuuji@51 1108 be produced by:
yuuji@51 1109 \contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22}
yuuji@51 1110 The \protect command causes command sequences to be written
yuuji@51 1111 without expanding them.
yuuji@51 1112
yuuji@51 1113 addcontentsline
yuuji@51 1114 \addcontentsline{TABLE}{TYPE}{ENTRY}
yuuji@51 1115 User command for adding his own entry to a table of contents, etc.
yuuji@51 1116 It adds the entry
yuuji@51 1117 \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{page}
yuuji@51 1118 to the .TABLE file.
yuuji@51 1119
yuuji@51 1120 addtocontents
yuuji@51 1121 \addtocontents{TABLE}{TEXT}
yuuji@51 1122 Adds TEXT to the .TABLE file, with no page number.
yuuji@51 1123
yuuji@51 1124 index
yuuji@51 1125 \index{INDEX}
yuuji@51 1126 Create an entry of index.
yuuji@51 1127
yuuji@51 1128
yuuji@51 1129 glossary
yuuji@51 1130 \glossary{STRING}
yuuji@51 1131 Create an entry of glossary.
yuuji@51 1132
yuuji@51 1133 makeindex
yuuji@51 1134 \makeindex
yuuji@51 1135 Writes \indexentry to .idx file.
yuuji@51 1136 Should be in preamble.
yuuji@51 1137
yuuji@51 1138 makeglossary
yuuji@51 1139 \makeglossary
yuuji@51 1140 Writes \glossaryentry to .glo file.
yuuji@51 1141 Should be in preamble.
yuuji@51 1142
yuuji@51 1143 bibliography
yuuji@51 1144 \bibliography{FILE1,FILE2, ... ,FILEn}
yuuji@51 1145 Specifies the bibdata files.
yuuji@51 1146
yuuji@51 1147 bibliographystyle
yuuji@51 1148 \bibliographystyle{STYLE}
yuuji@51 1149 Style of numbering of bibliographies.
yuuji@54 1150 plain normal
yuuji@54 1151 unsrt without sorting
yuuji@51 1152 alpha gives tag like "Foo94"
yuuji@51 1153 abbrv omit the first name of author, publishing month, book title
yuuji@51 1154
yuuji@51 1155 thebibliography
yuuji@51 1156 \begin{thebibliography} \bibitem{ITEM},... \end{thebibliography}
yuuji@51 1157 The thebibliography environment is a list environment. To save the
yuuji@51 1158 use of an extra counter, it should use enumiv as the item counter.
yuuji@51 1159 Instead of using \item, items in the bibliography are produced by the
yuuji@51 1160 \bibitem command.
yuuji@51 1161 ---
yuuji@51 1162 <refer bibitem>
yuuji@51 1163
yuuji@51 1164 bibitem
yuuji@51 1165 \bibitem{NAME} \bibitem[LABEL]{NAME}
yuuji@51 1166 Produces a numbered (as [1], [2],...) entry cited as NAME.
yuuji@51 1167 Second form produces an entry labeled by LABEL and cited as NAME.
yuuji@51 1168
yuuji@51 1169 thefootnote
yuuji@51 1170 In usual LaTeX style, produces the footnote number.
yuuji@51 1171 If footnotes are to be numbered within pages, then the
yuuji@51 1172 document style file must include an \@addtoreset command
yuuji@51 1173 to cause the footnote counter to be reset when the page
yuuji@51 1174 counter is stepped. This is not a good idea, though,
yuuji@51 1175 because the counter will not always be reset in time
yuuji@51 1176 to ensure that the first footnote on a page is footnote
yuuji@51 1177 number one.
yuuji@51 1178
yuuji@51 1179 footnote
yuuji@51 1180 \footnote{NOTE} or \footnote[NUM]{NOTE}
yuuji@51 1181 User command to insert a footnote.
yuuji@51 1182 In second form, insert a footnote numbered
yuuji@51 1183 NUM, where NUM is a number -- 1, 2,
yuuji@51 1184 etc. For example, if footnotes are numbered
yuuji@51 1185 *, **, etc. within pages, then \footnote[2]{...}
yuuji@51 1186 produces footnote '**'. This command does not
yuuji@51 1187 step the footnote counter.
yuuji@51 1188 (fragile)
yuuji@51 1189
yuuji@51 1190 footnotemark
yuuji@51 1191 \footnotemark[NUM]
yuuji@51 1192 Command to produce just the footnote mark in
yuuji@51 1193 the text, but no footnote. With no argument,
yuuji@51 1194 it steps the footnote counter before generating
yuuji@51 1195 the mark.
yuuji@51 1196
yuuji@51 1197 footnotetext
yuuji@51 1198 \footnotetext[NUM]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 1199 Command to produce the footnote but no mark.
yuuji@51 1200 \footnote is equivalent to \footnotemark \footnotetext .
yuuji@51 1201
yuuji@51 1202 footnotesize
yuuji@51 1203 {\footnotesize ...}
yuuji@51 1204 Size-changing command for footnotes.
yuuji@51 1205
yuuji@51 1206 footnotesep
yuuji@51 1207 \footnotesep
yuuji@51 1208 The height of a strut placed at the beginning of every footnote.
yuuji@51 1209
yuuji@51 1210 footnoterule
yuuji@51 1211 \footnoterule
yuuji@51 1212 Macro to draw the rule separating footnotes from text.
yuuji@51 1213 It is executed right after a \vspace of \skip\footins.
yuuji@51 1214 It should take zero vertical space--i.e., it should to
yuuji@51 1215 a negative skip to compensate for any positive space
yuuji@51 1216 it occupies. (See PLAIN.TEX.)
yuuji@51 1217
yuuji@51 1218 documentstyle
yuuji@51 1219 \documentstyle[OPTION1,OPTION2, ... ,OPTIONn]{STYLE}
yuuji@51 1220 The user starts his file with the command as above
yuuji@51 1221 which saves the OPTION's and \input's the file STYLE.STY.
yuuji@51 1222
yuuji@51 1223 verb
yuuji@51 1224 \verb#CONTENTS#
yuuji@51 1225 The command \verb produces in-line verbatim text, where the argument
yuuji@51 1226 is delimited by any pair of characters. E.g., \verb #...# takes
yuuji@51 1227 '...' as its argument, and sets it verbatim in \tt font.
yuuji@51 1228
yuuji@51 1229 The *-variants of these commands is the same, except that spaces
yuuji@51 1230 print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces.
yuuji@51 1231
yuuji@51 1232 styleparameter
yuuji@51 1233
yuuji@51 1234 topfigrule
yuuji@51 1235 \topfigrule
yuuji@51 1236 Command to place rule (or whatever) between floats
yuuji@51 1237 at top of page and text. Executed in inner vertical
yuuji@51 1238 mode right before the \textfloatsep skip separating
yuuji@51 1239 the floats from the text. Must occupy zero vertical
yuuji@51 1240 space. (See \footnoterule.)
yuuji@51 1241
yuuji@51 1242 botfigrule
yuuji@51 1243 \setlength{\botfigrule}{LENGTH}
yuuji@51 1244 Same as \topfigrule, but put after the \textfloatsep
yuuji@51 1245 skip separating text from the floats at bottom of page.
yuuji@51 1246
yuuji@51 1247 intextsep
yuuji@51 1248 \setlength{\intextsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@51 1249 Space left on top and bottom of an in-text float.
yuuji@51 1250
yuuji@51 1251 newpage
yuuji@51 1252 \newpage
yuuji@51 1253 Advance to a new page.
yuuji@51 1254 \clearpage Output the unfinished table of images, if any,
yuuji@51 1255 and clear page.
yuuji@51 1256 \cleardoublepage Same as \clearpage except that when spread style
yuuji@51 1257 (such as book), start a new page with odd page.
yuuji@51 1258 \newpage Finish current column when twocolumn.
yuuji@51 1259
yuuji@51 1260 clearpage
yuuji@51 1261 \clearpage
yuuji@51 1262 <refer newpage>
yuuji@51 1263
yuuji@51 1264 cleardoublepage
yuuji@51 1265 \cleardoublepage
yuuji@51 1266 <refer newpage>
yuuji@51 1267
yuuji@51 1268 length
yuuji@51 1269
yuuji@51 1270 Here are the available units of length in TeX.
yuuji@51 1271 cm centi meter
yuuji@51 1272 em width of `M'
yuuji@51 1273 ex height of `x'
yuuji@51 1274 in inch (=2.54cm)
yuuji@51 1275 mm mi.li meter
yuuji@51 1276 pc pica(=12pt)
yuuji@51 1277 pt point (72.27pt=1 inch)
yuuji@51 1278 \fill Freely extendable length whose normal length is 0
yuuji@51 1279 \stretch{X} X-times as long as \fill
yuuji@51 1280
yuuji@51 1281 stretch
yuuji@51 1282 \stretch{X}
yuuji@51 1283 <refer length>
yuuji@51 1284
yuuji@51 1285 twocolumn
yuuji@51 1286 \twocolumn[STRING]
yuuji@51 1287 Clear page and start two-column typesetting.
yuuji@51 1288 Optional argument [STRING] specifies the page-acrossing title.
yuuji@51 1289 ->onecolumn
yuuji@51 1290
yuuji@51 1291 onecolumn
yuuji@51 1292 \onecolumn
yuuji@51 1293 Clear page and start one-column typesetting.
yuuji@51 1294 ->twocolumn
yuuji@51 1295
yuuji@51 1296 topnewpage
yuuji@51 1297 \topnewpage{BOX}
yuuji@51 1298 Begin a new page and create the parbox-ed BOX whose width is \textwidth.
yuuji@51 1299 This is useful to make a page-acrossing title in a twocolumn page.
yuuji@51 1300
yuuji@51 1301 YaTeX
yuuji@51 1302 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist))
yuuji@54 1303 The mode you are probably using now.
yuuji@54 1304 Bells and whistles for using LaTeX at a breeze.
yuuji@51 1305
yuuji@54 1306 [pronunciation]
yuuji@54 1307 ``ya-tek'' for programs as yatex.el, ``ya-cho'' when referring to the
yuuji@54 1308 whole system. ``ya-cho'' in Japanese stands for ``wild bird''
yuuji@51 1309
yuuji@51 1310
yuuji@51 1311 yatex
yuuji@54 1312 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist))
yuuji@51 1313 <refer YaTeX>
yuuji@51 1314