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More adjustment for Emacs20 and XEmacs [prefix] g for <applet> <!--#include> <!--#exec>
author yuuji
date Mon, 26 Oct 1998 12:05:32 +0000
parents 2d45e43fb35f
children 44e3a5e1e883
rev   line source
yuuji@51 1 textfloatsep
yuuji@51 2 \addtolength{\textfloatsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 3 Length between the text and a float at the top or bottom of page
yuuji@51 4
yuuji@51 5 floatsep
yuuji@51 6 \addtolength{\floatsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@51 7 Length between two floats
yuuji@51 8
yuuji@51 9 oddsidemargin
yuuji@51 10 \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 11 Length between text and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
yuuji@54 12 right page
yuuji@54 13
yuuji@51 14
yuuji@51 15 pagestyle
yuuji@54 16 \pagestyle{STYLE}
yuuji@54 17 Determines header and footer styles on output page. There are the
yuuji@54 18 following styles
yuuji@54 19 plain Standard style. Page number only in footer.
yuuji@54 20 empty No headers or footers are output.
yuuji@54 21 headings Puts page number and headings according to section in header.
yuuji@54 22 No footer is output.
yuuji@54 23 myheadings User defines what goes into headings using \markbpth and \markright
yuuji@51 24
yuuji@51 25 thispagestyle
yuuji@54 26 \thispagestyle{STYLE}
yuuji@54 27 Determines the STYLE for the current page only
yuuji@51 28
yuuji@51 29 pagenumbering
yuuji@54 30 \pagenumbering{STYLE}
yuuji@54 31 Determines the STYLE of page numbers. Type of STYLEs are,
yuuji@54 32 arabic arabic numerals
yuuji@54 33 alph lowercase alphabets
yuuji@54 34 Alph uppercase alphabets
yuuji@54 35 roman lowercase roman numerals
yuuji@54 36 Roman uppercase roman numerals
yuuji@51 37
yuuji@51 38 shortstack
yuuji@54 39 \shortstack[POSITION]{TEXT\\TO BE\\STACKED}
yuuji@54 40 Stack and display contents within {}, separated by \\.
yuuji@54 41 Possible [POSITION]s are, l(left), c(center), r(right).
yuuji@51 42
yuuji@51 43 newlength
yuuji@51 44 \newlength{NAME}
yuuji@54 45 Declare NAME as a length command.
yuuji@51 46
yuuji@51 47 addtolength
yuuji@54 48 \addtolength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE}
yuuji@54 49 Adds VALUE to LENGTH COMMAND.
yuuji@54 50 See \setlength for major style parameters.
yuuji@51 51
yuuji@51 52 setlength
yuuji@54 53 \setlength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE}
yuuji@54 54 Set the value of LENGTH COMMAND to VALUE.
yuuji@54 55 Major style parameters are:
yuuji@54 56 (Style parameters must be changed in the preamble)
yuuji@51 57 \evensidemargin \footheight \footskip \headheight
yuuji@51 58 \headsep \marginparsep \marginparwidth \oddsidemargin
yuuji@51 59 \textheight \textwidth \topmargin \topskip
yuuji@51 60 \parindent \baselineskip \baselinestretch \parskip
yuuji@51 61 \columnsep \columnseprule \mathindent
yuuji@51 62
yuuji@51 63 settowidth{\NAME}{TEXT}
yuuji@54 64 Set the value of \NAME to the width of \hbox{TEXT}.
yuuji@51 65
yuuji@51 66 evensidemargin
yuuji@51 67 \setlength{\evensidemargin}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 68 Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
yuuji@54 69 left page.
yuuji@51 70
yuuji@51 71 footheight
yuuji@51 72 \setlength{\footheight}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 73 Height of footer.
yuuji@51 74
yuuji@51 75 footskip
yuuji@51 76 \setlength{\footskip}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 77 Length between bottom of body and footer.
yuuji@51 78
yuuji@51 79 headheight
yuuji@51 80 \addtolength{\headheight}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 81 Height of header.
yuuji@51 82
yuuji@51 83 headsep
yuuji@51 84 \setlength{\headsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 85 Length between top of body and header.
yuuji@51 86
yuuji@51 87 marginparsep
yuuji@51 88 \addtolength{\marginparsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 89 Length between the body and marginal notes
yuuji@51 90
yuuji@51 91 marginparwidth
yuuji@51 92 \addtolength{\marginparwidth}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 93 Width of marginal notes.
yuuji@51 94
yuuji@51 95 oddsidemargin
yuuji@51 96 \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 97 Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
yuuji@54 98 right page.
yuuji@54 99
yuuji@51 100
yuuji@51 101 textheight
yuuji@51 102 \addtolength{\textheight}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 103 Height of text.
yuuji@51 104
yuuji@51 105 textwidth
yuuji@51 106 \addtolength{\textwidth}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 107 Width of body.
yuuji@51 108
yuuji@51 109 topmargin
yuuji@51 110 \addtolength{\topmargin}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 111 Length between the header and a line one inch from the top of the page.
yuuji@51 112
yuuji@51 113 topskip
yuuji@51 114 \addtolength{\topskip}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 115 Length between top of the body to the first line of the text.
yuuji@51 116
yuuji@51 117 parindent
yuuji@51 118 \setlength{\parindent}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 119 Width of indentation at the beginning of a paragraph.
yuuji@51 120
yuuji@51 121 linewidth
yuuji@51 122 \addtolength{\linewidth}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 123 Width of lines.
yuuji@51 124
yuuji@51 125 baselineskip
yuuji@51 126 \addtolength{baselineskip}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 127 Minimum height between baselines (bottom of a line).
yuuji@51 128
yuuji@51 129 baselinestretch
yuuji@51 130 \renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.5}
yuuji@54 131 Value to multiply \baselineskip. (default is 1)
yuuji@54 132 (* Redefine using \renewcommand. Don't use \setlength.
yuuji@51 133
yuuji@51 134 parskip
yuuji@51 135 \addtolength{\parskip}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 136 Vertical space before a paragraph.
yuuji@51 137
yuuji@51 138 columnsep
yuuji@51 139 \addtolength{\columnsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 140 Width between columns in a two column environment.
yuuji@51 141
yuuji@51 142 columnseprule
yuuji@51 143 \addtolength{\columnseprule}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 144 Width of ruler to separate columns in a two column environment.
yuuji@54 145 (default is 0pt)
yuuji@51 146
yuuji@51 147 columnwidth
yuuji@51 148 \addtolength{\columnwidth}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 149 (\textwidth - \columnsep)/2 in a two column environment.
yuuji@54 150 Otherwise, equal to \textwidth.
yuuji@51 151
yuuji@51 152 mathindent
yuuji@51 153 \addtolength{mathindent}{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 154 Width of indentation of a equation from the left margin, when fleqn is
yuuji@54 155 defined as style option.
yuuji@51 156
yuuji@51 157 LaTeX
yuuji@51 158 \LaTeX
yuuji@54 159 Display \LaTeX logo. Definition of \LaTeX is;
yuuji@51 160 \def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em
yuuji@51 161 T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
yuuji@51 162
yuuji@51 163 fragile
yuuji@54 164 ** LaTeX term **
yuuji@54 165 Any command which expanded result changes by an argument.
yuuji@54 166 Opposite is a robust command.
yuuji@51 167
yuuji@51 168 robust
yuuji@54 169 ** LaTeX term **
yuuji@54 170 Commands which expanded results are always the same.
yuuji@54 171 Font type/size selection commands, length commands, and most commands
yuuji@54 172 used within math mode is robust.
yuuji@54 173 (maketitle type commands that don't take any arguments)
yuuji@51 174
yuuji@51 175 protect
yuuji@54 176 \protect `a fragile command'
yuuji@54 177 Commands that the result changes according to it's arguments are
yuuji@54 178 called "fragile commands". When an argument is referenced in more
yuuji@54 179 than one place, the command is said to "take a moving argument".
yuuji@54 180 chapter and caption, whose argument will be used in the table of
yuuji@54 181 contents, or an @ in an tabular/array environment are examples.
yuuji@51 182
yuuji@54 183 When a "fragile command" is used in a "moving argument", it must be
yuuji@54 184 preceded by a \protect. Following is an example.
yuuji@51 185
yuuji@51 186 \newcommand{\thissystem}[1]{YaTeX version #1}
yuuji@54 187 \chapter{About \protect \thissystem{1.50}}
yuuji@51 188
yuuji@51 189 newcommand
yuuji@54 190 \newcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF}
yuuji@54 191 Define a macro \NAME as DEF, taking ARGS number of arguments. The nth
yuuji@54 192 argument will be referred as #n in the definition.
yuuji@54 193 If used as
yuuji@51 194 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\underline{#1}}
yuuji@54 195 \foo{bar} will be expanded to \underline{bar}. When a font selection
yuuji@54 196 command is used as
yuuji@51 197 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\bf #1}
yuuji@54 198 \foo{bar} will be expanded as \bf bar in the text, so, it must be used as
yuuji@51 199 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{{\bf #1}}
yuuji@51 200
yuuji@54 201 If NAME is already defined as a macro, it will return an error. To
yuuji@54 202 redefine, use \renewcommand.
yuuji@51 203
yuuji@51 204 renewcommand
yuuji@54 205 \renewcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF}
yuuji@54 206 Redefine an already defined command.
yuuji@51 207 <refer newcommand>
yuuji@51 208
yuuji@51 209 newenvironment
yuuji@54 210 \newenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2}
yuuji@54 211 Define a new environment.
yuuji@54 212 \begin{NAME} will be replaced by DEF1 and \end{NAME} will be replaced
yuuji@54 213 by DEF2. Same as
yuuji@54 214 \newcommand{\NAME}{DEF1} \def{\end{\NAME}}{DEF2}
yuuji@51 215
yuuji@51 216 renewenvironment
yuuji@54 217 \renewenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2}
yuuji@54 218 Redefine an environment NAME that already exists.
yuuji@51 219 <refer newenvironment>
yuuji@51 220
yuuji@51 221 typeout
yuuji@54 222 \typeout{MESSAGE}
yuuji@54 223 Output MESSAGE to the terminal while typesetting.
yuuji@51 224
yuuji@51 225 typein
yuuji@54 226 \typein{MESSAGE} \typein[\MACRO]{MESSAGE}
yuuji@54 227 Output MESSAGE to terminal and execute the input.
yuuji@54 228 In the second form, \MACRO will be defined as the input.
yuuji@51 229
yuuji@51 230 par
yuuji@51 231 \par
yuuji@54 232 Used to separate paragraphs. Same as a blank line.
yuuji@51 233
yuuji@51 234 everypar
yuuji@51 235 \everypar
yuuji@51 236 RTFM
yuuji@51 237
yuuji@51 238 nopagebreak
yuuji@51 239 \nopagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
yuuji@54 240 Prevents pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
yuuji@51 241
yuuji@51 242 pagebreak
yuuji@51 243 \pagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
yuuji@54 244 Forces pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
yuuji@51 245
yuuji@51 246 linebreak
yuuji@51 247 \linebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
yuuji@54 248 Forces lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
yuuji@51 249
yuuji@51 250 nolinebreak
yuuji@51 251 \nolinebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
yuuji@54 252 Prevents lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
yuuji@51 253
yuuji@51 254 samepage
yuuji@51 255 \samepage
yuuji@54 256 Prevents page to be broken.
yuuji@51 257 RTFM
yuuji@51 258
yuuji@51 259 obeycr
yuuji@51 260 \obeycr
yuuji@54 261 Define <CR> as \\. see \restorecr
yuuji@51 262
yuuji@51 263 restorecr
yuuji@51 264 \restorecr
yuuji@54 265 Restore <CR>'s definition changed by \obeycr.
yuuji@51 266
yuuji@51 267 \
yuuji@54 268 \\ \\[LENGTH]
yuuji@54 269
yuuji@54 270 Breaks a line at any given point. Same as \newline if used within a
yuuji@54 271 paragraph. If an option argument LENGTH is given, vertical space to
yuuji@54 272 next line will be \vspace{LENGTH}.
yuuji@51 273
yuuji@51 274 addvspace
yuuji@54 275 \addvspace{SKIP}
yuuji@54 276 Adds space equal to SKIP to vertical space. If more than one values
yuuji@54 277 are given as \addvspace{S1} \addvspace{S2}, it will be the same as
yuuji@54 278 \addvspace{the larger of S1, S2}.
yuuji@51 279
yuuji@51 280 vspace
yuuji@54 281 \vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 282 Adds vertical space of LENGTH.
yuuji@54 283 \vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not
yuuji@54 284 add at beginning or end of a page.
yuuji@51 285
yuuji@51 286 vspace*
yuuji@54 287 \vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 288 Adds vertical space of LENGTH.
yuuji@54 289 \vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not
yuuji@54 290 add at beginning or end of a page.
yuuji@51 291
yuuji@51 292 hspace
yuuji@54 293 \hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 294 Adds horizontal space of LENGTH.
yuuji@54 295 \hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add
yuuji@54 296 at beginning or end of a line.
yuuji@51 297
yuuji@51 298 hspace*
yuuji@54 299 \hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH}
yuuji@54 300 Adds horizontal space of LENGTH.
yuuji@54 301 \hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add
yuuji@54 302 at beginning or end of a line.
yuuji@51 303
yuuji@51 304 smallskip
yuuji@51 305 \smallskip
yuuji@54 306 Put a small vertical space.
yuuji@51 307 \def\smallskip{\vspace\smallskipamount}
yuuji@51 308
yuuji@51 309 medskip
yuuji@51 310 \medskip
yuuji@54 311 Put a medium vertical space.
yuuji@51 312 \def\medskip{\vspace\medskipamount}
yuuji@51 313
yuuji@51 314 bigskip
yuuji@51 315 \bigskip
yuuji@54 316 Put a big vertical skip.
yuuji@51 317 \def\bigskip{\vspace\bigskipamount}
yuuji@51 318
yuuji@51 319 ,
yuuji@51 320 \,
yuuji@54 321 Opens a thin space. Can be used in paragraph mode, LR mode, or math mode.
yuuji@54 322 Used to write a quote within a quote.
yuuji@54 323 example: ``\,`Foo', he said.''
yuuji@54 324 Spaces that can be used in math mode are:
yuuji@54 325 \: medium space
yuuji@54 326 \! negative and thin space
yuuji@54 327 \; thick space
yuuji@51 328
yuuji@51 329 :
yuuji@51 330 $\:$
yuuji@54 331 Medium space. Math mode only.
yuuji@51 332
yuuji@51 333 !
yuuji@51 334 $\!$
yuuji@54 335 Negative thin space. Math mode only.
yuuji@51 336
yuuji@51 337 ;
yuuji@51 338 $\;$
yuuji@54 339 Thick space. Math mode only.
yuuji@51 340
yuuji@54 341 whiledo{TEST}{BODY}
yuuji@54 342 Repeat BODY while TEST is true.
yuuji@51 343
yuuji@51 344 nofiles
yuuji@51 345 \nofiles
yuuji@54 346 If \nofiles is in the preamble, .aux, .idx, .lof, .lot, .toc files will
yuuji@54 347 not be made.
yuuji@51 348
yuuji@51 349 includeonly
yuuji@51 350 \includeonly{sub1} \includeonly{sub1,sub3}
yuuji@54 351 Appoints actual files to be read and processed by \include{}. (.tex can
yuuji@54 352 be suppressed)
yuuji@54 353 Files not given in the argument list of \includeonly will not be
yuuji@54 354 processed at all. If the file has been processed before, it will be
yuuji@54 355 treated as if there were no changes from then.
yuuji@51 356
yuuji@51 357 include
yuuji@51 358 \include{FILE}
yuuji@54 359 Same as
yuuji@51 360 \clearpage \input{FILE} \clearpage
yuuji@51 361
yuuji@51 362 input
yuuji@51 363 \input{FILE}
yuuji@54 364 Process as if FILE.tex has been inserted at that point.
yuuji@51 365
yuuji@51 366 setcounter
yuuji@51 367 \setcounter{FOO}{VAL}
yuuji@54 368 Set counter FOO's value to VAL.
yuuji@51 369
yuuji@51 370 addtocounter
yuuji@51 371 \addtocounter{FOO}{VAL}
yuuji@54 372 Add value VAL to counter FOO.
yuuji@51 373
yuuji@51 374 newcounter
yuuji@51 375 \newcounter{COUNTER}[OLDCTR]
yuuji@54 376 Defines a new counter COUNTER.
yuuji@54 377 If an optional argument OLDCTR is given, COUNTER's value will be reset
yuuji@54 378 every time OLDCTR's value is changed by \stepcounter or \addtocounter.
yuuji@51 379
yuuji@51 380 value
yuuji@51 381 \value{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 382 Returns value of COUNTER. Must not be preceded by \protect.
yuuji@51 383
yuuji@51 384 stepcounter
yuuji@51 385 \stepcounter{FOO}
yuuji@54 386 Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to FOO.
yuuji@51 387
yuuji@51 388 refstepcounter
yuuji@51 389 \refstepcounter{FOO}
yuuji@54 390 Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to
yuuji@54 391 FOO. Defers with \stepcounter as; if \label{hoge} follows immediately
yuuji@54 392 after \refstepcounter{FOO}, \ref{hoge}'s value will be set to \value{FOO}.
yuuji@51 393
yuuji@51 394 arabic
yuuji@51 395 \arabic{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 396 Output COUNTER's value in arabic numerals.
yuuji@51 397
yuuji@51 398 roman
yuuji@51 399 \roman{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 400 Output COUNTER's value in lower case roman numerals.
yuuji@51 401
yuuji@51 402 Roman
yuuji@51 403 \Roman{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 404 Output COUNTER's value in upper case roman numerals.
yuuji@51 405
yuuji@51 406 alph
yuuji@51 407 \alph{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 408 Output COUNTER's value in lower case alphabet.
yuuji@51 409
yuuji@51 410 Alph
yuuji@51 411 \Alph{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 412 Output COUNTER's value in upper case alphabet.
yuuji@51 413
yuuji@51 414 fnsymbol
yuuji@51 415 \fnsymbol{COUNTER}
yuuji@54 416 Output COUNTER's value in footnote symbols (1 = *, 2 = \dagger, ...).
yuuji@54 417 Math mode only.
yuuji@51 418
yuuji@51 419 label
yuuji@51 420 \label{LABEL}
yuuji@54 421 Set value of LABEL to \ref VALUE.
yuuji@54 422 This value is referred by \ref{VALUE}. \pageref{LABEL} refers to the
yuuji@54 423 page number \label{LABEL} exists.
yuuji@54 424 ``\ref VALUEs'' are, section commands as \section, \item commands within
yuuji@54 425 an enumerate environment, values set by a theorem environment. For
yuuji@54 426 example, immediately after a \item of a enumerate environment, the item
yuuji@54 427 number will be the ``\ref VALUE''. \label{LABEL} will set the item
yuuji@54 428 number to LABEL.
yuuji@51 429
yuuji@51 430 ref
yuuji@51 431 \ref{LABEL}
yuuji@54 432 Refer to LABEL's value set by \label{LABEL}.
yuuji@54 433 Examples of values returned are; page numbers for LABELs set in the main
yuuji@54 434 text, table numbers for LABELs set in a table, and the item number for
yuuji@54 435 LABELs set in an item of the enumerate environment.
yuuji@51 436
yuuji@51 437 pageref
yuuji@51 438 pageref{LABEL}
yuuji@54 439 Refer to the page number where \label{LABEL} exists.
yuuji@51 440
yuuji@51 441 (
yuuji@54 442 \( EQUATION \)
yuuji@54 443 Produce an in-text equation.
yuuji@54 444 Same as
yuuji@54 445 \begin{math} EQUATION \end{math}
yuuji@54 446 \( and \) are fragile.
yuuji@51 447
yuuji@51 448 )
yuuji@51 449 \( x^2 = 4 \)
yuuji@54 450 Produce an in-text equation.
yuuji@54 451 Same as
yuuji@54 452 \begin{math} EQUATION \end{math}
yuuji@54 453 \( and \) are fragile.
yuuji@51 454
yuuji@51 455 [
yuuji@54 456 \[ EQUATION \]
yuuji@54 457 Produce an equation in display mode.
yuuji@54 458 Same as
yuuji@54 459 \begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath}
yuuji@54 460 \[ and \] are fragile.
yuuji@51 461
yuuji@51 462 )
yuuji@54 463 \[ EQUATION \]
yuuji@54 464 Produce an equation in display mode.
yuuji@54 465 Same as
yuuji@54 466 \begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath}
yuuji@54 467 \[ and \] are fragile.
yuuji@51 468
yuuji@51 469 equation
yuuji@54 470 \begin{equation} EQUATION \end{equation}
yuuji@54 471 Produce a numbered equation in displaymath mode.
yuuji@51 472
yuuji@51 473 eqnarray
yuuji@54 474 \begin{eqnarray} EQNS \end{eqnarray}
yuuji@54 475 Produce equations aligned in three columns. The columns are separated by
yuuji@54 476 & as ``left member & sign & right member''. For example,
yuuji@51 477 \begin{eqnarray}
yuuji@51 478 3x + 2y & = & 4 \\
yuuji@51 479 x - 4y & = & -5
yuuji@51 480 \end{eqnarray}
yuuji@51 481
yuuji@51 482 eqnarray*
yuuji@54 483 \begin{eqnarray*} EQNS \end{eqnarray*}
yuuji@54 484 Same as eqnarray, except no equation numbers are produced.
yuuji@51 485
yuuji@51 486 frac
yuuji@54 487 \frac{NUMER}{DENOM}
yuuji@54 488 Produce a fraction as
yuuji@54 489 NUMER
yuuji@54 490 ------
yuuji@54 491 DENOM
yuuji@54 492 Same as {NUMER \over DENOM}
yuuji@51 493
yuuji@51 494 sqrt
yuuji@54 495 \sqrt[N]{EQUATION}
yuuji@54 496 Produces the Nth power of EQUATION. Gives a square root if [N] is not given.
yuuji@51 497
yuuji@51 498 lefteqn
yuuji@54 499 \lefteqn{EQUATION}
yuuji@54 500 In display math mode, presume EQUATION has zero width and print it flush left.
yuuji@54 501 Used in eqnarray environment when the left member is too long and needs
yuuji@54 502 folding.
yuuji@51 503 \begin{eqnarray}
yuuji@51 504 \lefteqn{a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n =} \\
yuuji@51 505 & & a_1 + b_1 + \cdots + z_1 + \\
yuuji@51 506 & & b_2 + c+2 + \cdost + z_2
yuuji@51 507 \end{eqnarray}
yuuji@51 508
yuuji@51 509 center
yuuji@54 510 \begin{center} TEXT \end{center}
yuuji@54 511 Center TEXT. Each line must be separated by \\.
yuuji@54 512 <refer \centering>
yuuji@51 513
yuuji@51 514 flushright
yuuji@54 515 \begin{flushright} TEXT \end{flushright}
yuuji@54 516 Align end of each line with right margin. Each line must be separated by \\.
yuuji@54 517 <refer \raggedright>
yuuji@51 518
yuuji@51 519 flushleft
yuuji@54 520 \begin{flushleft} TEXT \end{flushleft}
yuuji@54 521 Align start of each line with left margin. \\ can be given to decide
yuuji@54 522 point of line break. Otherwise lines will be broken at an appropriate
yuuji@54 523 length.
yuuji@54 524 <refer \raggedleft>
yuuji@51 525
yuuji@51 526 centering
yuuji@51 527 \centering
yuuji@54 528 Produce a centered paragraph.
yuuji@54 529 Declared at the beginning of a table/figura environment, it will center
yuuji@54 530 until the end of the environment.
yuuji@51 531
yuuji@51 532 raggedright
yuuji@51 533 \raggedright
yuuji@54 534 Produce flush-left paragraphs.
yuuji@51 535
yuuji@51 536 raggedleft
yuuji@51 537 \raggedleft
yuuji@54 538 Produce flush-right paragraphs.
yuuji@51 539
yuuji@51 540 raggedbottom
yuuji@51 541 \raggedbottom
yuuji@54 542 Allow height of each page to vary.
yuuji@54 543 Declared in the preamble.
yuuji@54 544 <refer \flushbottom>
yuuji@51 545
yuuji@51 546 flushbottom
yuuji@51 547 \flushbottom
yuuji@54 548 Make all text pages the same height.
yuuji@54 549 Declared in the preamble.
yuuji@54 550 <refer \raggedbottom>
yuuji@51 551
yuuji@51 552 sloppy
yuuji@51 553 \sloppy
yuuji@54 554 Always breaks the line at the right-hand margin, but allows too much
yuuji@54 555 space between words.
yuuji@54 556 <refer \fussy>
yuuji@51 557
yuuji@51 558 fussy
yuuji@51 559 \fussy
yuuji@54 560 Return to normal line breaking.
yuuji@54 561 <refer \sloppy>
yuuji@51 562
yuuji@51 563 sloppypar
yuuji@54 564 \begin{sloppypar} PARAGRAPH \end{sloppypar}
yuuji@54 565 Produce PARAGRAPH in \sloppy.
yuuji@54 566 <refer \sloppy>
yuuji@51 567
yuuji@51 568 verbatim
yuuji@51 569 \begin{verbatim} ... \end{verbatim}
yuuji@51 570 The verbatim environment uses the fixed-width \tt font, turns blanks into
yuuji@54 571 spaces, starts a new line for each carriage return (or sequence of
yuuji@51 572 consecutive carriage returns), and interprets EVERY character literally.
yuuji@51 573 I.e., all special characters \, {, $, etc. are \catcode'd to 'other'.
yuuji@51 574
yuuji@51 575 verbatim*
yuuji@51 576 \begin{verbatim*} ... \end{verbatim*}
yuuji@54 577 The verbatim* environment is the same to verbatim, except that spaces
yuuji@54 578 print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces.
yuuji@51 579 <refer verbatim>
yuuji@51 580
yuuji@51 581 list
yuuji@54 582 \begin{list}{LABEL}{PARAMETER} ... \end{list}
yuuji@54 583 Enter list environment. Each \item will be listed with an indent.
yuuji@54 584 First argument gives the default label when \item's optional argument is
yuuji@54 585 omitted. Second argument gives parameters to be processed for each item.
yuuji@54 586 example:
yuuji@51 587 \begin{list}%
yuuji@51 588 {$\diamond$}
yuuji@51 589 {\addtolength{\leftmargin}{4em}}
yuuji@54 590 \item First argument is the default label when \verb|\item|'s optional
yuuji@54 591 argument is given.
yuuji@54 592 \item Second argument will be processed for each item.
yuuji@54 593 \item[*] If a optional argument is given such as this, it will be the label.
yuuji@51 594 \end{list}
yuuji@51 595
yuuji@54 596 Variables to control the list environment are as follow; (default value)
yuuji@54 597 horizontal:
yuuji@54 598 <refer variables to control list environment>
yuuji@51 599
yuuji@54 600 variables to control list environment
yuuji@54 601 \labelwidth width of label
yuuji@54 602 \labelsep space between right of label and text of first item
yuuji@54 603 \leftmargin left margin within list environment
yuuji@54 604 \rightmargin right margin within list environment (0pt)
yuuji@54 605 \itemindent width of indent preceding item (0pt)
yuuji@54 606 \linewidth width of line
yuuji@54 607 \listparindent indent for each paragraph (except first paragraph with \item)
yuuji@54 608 (0pt)
yuuji@51 609
yuuji@54 610 vertical:
yuuji@54 611 \topsep space between last paragraph before list environment and
yuuji@54 612 first item
yuuji@54 613 \partopsep space added to \topsep when starting a new paragraph in list
yuuji@54 614 environment
yuuji@54 615 \itemsep space between successive items
yuuji@54 616 \parsep space between paragraphs within the same item
yuuji@51 617
yuuji@51 618 itemize
yuuji@54 619 \begin{itemize} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{itemize}
yuuji@54 620 Produce a bulleted list.
yuuji@54 621 Can be nested to four levels.
yuuji@54 622 ``bullets'' shown at top of each item of the four levels are controlled
yuuji@54 623 by \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii, \labelitemiv.
yuuji@51 624
yuuji@54 625 Variables to control the itemize environment are;
yuuji@54 626 <refer variables to control list environment>
yuuji@51 627
yuuji@51 628 enumerate
yuuji@54 629 \begin{enumerate} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{enumerate}
yuuji@54 630 Produce a numbered list.
yuuji@54 631 Can be nested to four levels.
yuuji@54 632 Numbers for items on each level are held in enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv.
yuuji@54 633 Each item's label are produced by \labelenumi, ..., \labelenumiv.
yuuji@54 634 \p@enumN\theenumN will set \ref's value. (N is the depth of level.
yuuji@54 635 refer \ref for value of \ref)
yuuji@54 636 For example, if declared
yuuji@51 637 \def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
yuuji@51 638 \def\p@enumii{\theenumi\theenumii}
yuuji@51 639 \def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
yuuji@54 640 \ref's value will be 3a.
yuuji@51 641
yuuji@54 642 Variables to control enumerate environment are,
yuuji@54 643 <refer variables to control list environment>
yuuji@51 644
yuuji@51 645 item
yuuji@51 646 \item \item[LABEL]
yuuji@54 647 Start an item in itemize, enumerate, description environment.
yuuji@54 648 Output LABEL if [LABEL] is given.
yuuji@51 649
yuuji@51 650 description
yuuji@54 651 \begin{description} \item[LABEL] CONTENTS ... \end{description}
yuuji@54 652 Produce [LABEL] as a label.
yuuji@51 653
yuuji@51 654 subitem
yuuji@54 655 \subitem ITEM
yuuji@54 656 Define a subitem.
yuuji@51 657
yuuji@51 658 subsubitem
yuuji@54 659 \subsubitem ITEM
yuuji@54 660 Define a subsubitem.
yuuji@51 661
yuuji@51 662 makebox
yuuji@54 663 \makebox[WID][POS]{OBJECT} \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{OBJECT}
yuuji@54 664 First form will place OBJECT at position POS and width WID in a \box.
yuuji@54 665 For POS, object will be placed flush-left if l, flush-right if r, and
yuuji@54 666 centered if nothing is given
yuuji@54 667 In the second form, object will be placed in a \hbox sized (X,Y) (in
yuuji@54 668 \unitlength) within a picture environment. POS is the same as the first form.
yuuji@51 669
yuuji@51 670 mbox
yuuji@54 671 \mbox{OBJECT}
yuuji@54 672 Same as \makebox{OBJECT}.
yuuji@51 673
yuuji@51 674 newsavebox
yuuji@51 675 \newsavebox{\CMD}
yuuji@54 676 Define a new box saving command. \CMD is used in a \savebox command to
yuuji@54 677 save boxes. Commands defined by \newsavebox are always global.
yuuji@51 678
yuuji@51 679 savebox
yuuji@54 680 \savebox{\CMD}{TEXT}
yuuji@54 681 Save results of TEXT in \CMD to be boxed.
yuuji@54 682 TEXT is the same as the argument of \makebox, but the results of
yuuji@54 683 processing TEXT is not displayed in-place. Boxes processed by
yuuji@54 684 \usebox{\CMD} will be placed.
yuuji@51 685
yuuji@51 686 sbox
yuuji@54 687 \sbox{\CMD}{TEXT}
yuuji@54 688 Same as \savebox. \sbox is robust, and \savebox is fragile.
yuuji@51 689
yuuji@51 690 framebox
yuuji@54 691 \framebox{OBJECT}
yuuji@54 692 Do the same thing as \makebox with a frame.
yuuji@54 693 The frame's width and space between the object are decided by \framerule
yuuji@54 694 and \framesep. If used as \framebox(X,Y){OBJECT} in a picture
yuuji@54 695 environment, width of frame will be dependant to the picture
yuuji@54 696 environment's line width, and space between the object and frame can not
yuuji@54 697 be opened.
yuuji@51 698
yuuji@51 699 fbox
yuuji@54 700 \fbox{OBJECT}
yuuji@54 701 Same as \framebox{OBJECT}.
yuuji@54 702 \fbox is robust, \framebox fragile.
yuuji@51 703
yuuji@51 704 parbox
yuuji@51 705 \parbox[POS]{WIDTH}{TEXT}
yuuji@54 706 Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT. The box's position by POS is;
yuuji@54 707 c : centering (default)
yuuji@54 708 b : bottom of box matches present text
yuuji@54 709 t : top of box matches present text
yuuji@51 710
yuuji@54 711 In \parbox, parameters will be reset as;
yuuji@51 712 \parskip = 0pt
yuuji@51 713 \linewidth = \hsize
yuuji@51 714 \@totalleftmargin = 0pt
yuuji@51 715 \leftskip = 0pt
yuuji@51 716 \rightskip = 0pt
yuuji@51 717 \@rightskip = 0pt
yuuji@51 718 \parfillskip = 0pt plus 1fil
yuuji@51 719 \lineskip = \normallineskip
yuuji@51 720 \baselineskip = \normalbaselineskip
yuuji@51 721
yuuji@51 722 minipage
yuuji@51 723 \begin{minipage}[pos]{WIDTH} TEXT \end{minipage}
yuuji@54 724 Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT as \parbox. The box's position by
yuuji@54 725 POS is;
yuuji@54 726 c : centering (default)
yuuji@54 727 b : bottom of box matches present text
yuuji@54 728 t : top of box matches present text
yuuji@54 729 TEXT will be processed as a normal paragraph, differing from \parbox.
yuuji@51 730
yuuji@51 731 rule
yuuji@51 732 \rule[RAISED]{WIDTH}{HEIGHT}
yuuji@54 733 Make a rule of WIDTH x HEIGHT. If RAISED is given, will be raised that
yuuji@54 734 amount.
yuuji@51 735
yuuji@51 736 underline
yuuji@51 737 \underline{TEXT}
yuuji@54 738 Underline TEXT.
yuuji@51 739
yuuji@51 740 raisebox
yuuji@51 741 \raisebox{DISTANCE}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{BOX}
yuuji@54 742 Raise BOX by DISTANCE.
yuuji@54 743 If HEIGHT and DEPTH are given, TeX will take it as the height and depth
yuuji@54 744 of the box.
yuuji@54 745 (see TeXBook for more info)
yuuji@51 746
yuuji@51 747 tabbing
yuuji@51 748 \begin{tabbing} \= text1.1 \= text1.2 \\ \> text2.1 \> text2.2 \end{tabbing}
yuuji@54 749 Creates an environment of aligned columns (nesting allowed). For example,
yuuji@51 750 \begin{tabbing}
yuuji@54 751 \= ITEM1 \hspace*{2em} \= ITEM2 \hspace*{3em} \= ITEM3 \\
yuuji@54 752 \> aabbcc \> ddeeff \> gghhii \+ \\
yuuji@54 753 \> jjkkll \> mmnnoo \\
yuuji@54 754 \> ppqqrr \- \\
yuuji@54 755 \> ssttuu \> vvwwxx \> yyzzzz
yuuji@51 756 \end{tabbing}
yuuji@54 757 will be processed with three tab stops as,
yuuji@54 758 (1st item) (2nd item) (3rd item)
yuuji@54 759 aabbcc ddeeff gghhii
yuuji@54 760 jjkkll mmnnoo
yuuji@54 761 ppqqrr
yuuji@54 762 ssttuu vvwwxx yyzzzz
yuuji@54 763 \2em/ \3em/
yuuji@54 764 Commands to control the tabbing environment are; (n starts from 1)
yuuji@54 765 \= Sets the nth tab stop position to the current position and increment
yuuji@54 766 the tab counter (n) by 1.
yuuji@54 767 \\ Start a new line and reset the tab counter (n=1)
yuuji@54 768 \> Set the position to the nth tab stop and increment the tab counter by 1.
yuuji@54 769 \+ Add 1 to the next line's tab counter's initial value. If written as
yuuji@54 770 \+ \\, the next line's \> will give the position of the second tab
yuuji@54 771 stop. Multiple \+ will accumulate tab counter's initial value.
yuuji@54 772
yuuji@54 773 \- Reverse of \+. Decrease initial value of tab counter for next line
yuuji@54 774 by 1.
yuuji@54 775 \< Decrease value of tab counter by 1 and set the tab stop. Can be
yuuji@54 776 only used at the beginning of a line.
yuuji@54 777 \' Output at a position \tabbinsep right from the normal tab stop.
yuuji@54 778 \` Output remaining text flush-right.
yuuji@54 779 \pushtabs Push all tab stop positions being used.
yuuji@54 780 \poptabs Push all tab stop positions being used. \pushtabs and \poptabs
yuuji@54 781 must be used in pairs. Nesting allowed.
yuuji@54 782 \aX In a tabbing environment, accents are produced by \a=, \a', \a`
yuuji@52 783 \kill Without outputting text, parse tabbing definition.
yuuji@51 784
yuuji@51 785 array
yuuji@51 786 \begin{array}{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{array}
yuuji@51 787 Make a mathematical array. Useful to make matrix.
yuuji@51 788 See the help of `tabular' for detailed description.
yuuji@51 789
yuuji@51 790 tabular
yuuji@51 791 \begin{tabular}[OPT]{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{tabular}
yuuji@51 792 Make tabular.
yuuji@51 793 [[OPT]]
yuuji@51 794 [t] Align the top of tabular to the line.
yuuji@51 795 [b] Align the bottom of tabular to the line.
yuuji@51 796 [[PREAMBLE]]
yuuji@51 797 l,r,c : indicate where entry is to be placed.
yuuji@51 798 | : for vertical rule
yuuji@51 799 @{EXP} : inserts the text EXP in every column. \arraycolsep or \tabcolsep
yuuji@51 800 spacing is suppressed.
yuuji@51 801 *{N}{PRE} : equivalent to writing N copies of PRE in the preamble. PRE
yuuji@51 802 may contain *{N'}{EXP'} expressions.
yuuji@68 803 p{LEN} : makes entry in parbox of width LEN. This is useful when
yuuji@68 804 each column contains long sentences.
yuuji@51 805
yuuji@51 806 [[Usable commands in array, tabular environment]]
yuuji@51 807 \multicolumn
yuuji@51 808 <refer multicolumn>
yuuji@51 809 \vline
yuuji@51 810 <refer vline>
yuuji@51 811 \hline
yuuji@51 812 <refer hline>
yuuji@51 813 \cline{i-j}
yuuji@51 814 <refer cline>
yuuji@51 815 \extracolsep{W}
yuuji@51 816 <refer extracolsep>
yuuji@51 817
yuuji@51 818
yuuji@68 819 See below as an example.
yuuji@51 820
yuuji@51 821 \LaTeX Expression Printed image
yuuji@51 822 \begin{array}{ccr}
yuuji@51 823 x+y+z & a_1 & 1 \\ x+y+z a1 1
yuuji@51 824 x+z & a_2 & 21 \\ x+z a2 21
yuuji@51 825 y & a_3 & 321 y a3 321
yuuji@51 826 \end{array}
yuuji@51 827
yuuji@51 828 \[ \left(
yuuji@51 829 \begin{array}{cccc}
yuuji@51 830 a_{11} & a_{12} & \dots & a_{1n} \\ / a11 a12 ... a1n \
yuuji@51 831 a_{21} & a_{22} & \dots & a_{2n} \\ | a21 a22 ... a2n |
yuuji@51 832 \vdots & \vdots & \ddots& \vdots \\ | : : \. : |
yuuji@51 833 a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \dots & a_{nn} \ an1 an2 ..: ann /
yuuji@51 834 \end{array}
yuuji@51 835 \right)\]
yuuji@51 836
yuuji@68 837 \begin{tabular}{lp{0.7\textwidth}
yuuji@68 838 \hline ----------------------------
yuuji@68 839 \verb|.| & Period matches with . Period matches with any
yuuji@68 840 any single character.\\ single character.
yuuji@68 841 \verb|*| & Asterisk matches with * Asterisk matches with 0
yuuji@68 842 0 or more repetition or more repetition of
yuuji@68 843 of preceding regexp. preceding regexp.
yuuji@68 844 \\ \hline ----------------------------
yuuji@68 845 \end{tabular}
yuuji@68 846
yuuji@68 847 (End of example)
yuuji@68 848
yuuji@51 849 \right(, \left) or \right{, left} or \right[, \left] or \right|, \left|
yuuji@51 850 can enclose whole of array environment by parentheses, braces, brackets,
yuuji@51 851 norm respectively. The number of `\right's and `\left's should be the
yuuji@51 852 same, but the type of parentheses don't have to match like
yuuji@51 853 \right( \left]. `\right.' produces the invisible parenthesis.
yuuji@51 854
yuuji@51 855 \[ Ans. \cdots \left\{ /
yuuji@51 856 \begin{array}{ccc} | x = 5
yuuji@51 857 x & = & 5 \\ Ans. ...<
yuuji@51 858 y & = & 3 | y = 3
yuuji@51 859 \end{array} \right. \] \
yuuji@51 860
yuuji@51 861 Here are the style parameters for the tabular environment.
yuuji@51 862 \arraycolsep : half the width separating columns in an array environment
yuuji@51 863 \tabcolsep : half the width separating columns in a tabular environment
yuuji@51 864 \arrayrulewidth : width of rules
yuuji@51 865 \doublerulesep : space between adjacent rules in array or tabular
yuuji@51 866 \arraystretch : line spacing in array and tabular environments is done by
yuuji@51 867 placing a strut in every row of height and depth
yuuji@51 868 \arraystretch times the height and depth of the strut
yuuji@54 869 produced by an ordinary \strut command.
yuuji@51 870
yuuji@51 871 Tabular environment cannot spread across pages. `supertabular.sty'
yuuji@54 872 allows this.
yuuji@51 873
yuuji@51 874 tabular*
yuuji@52 875 \begin{tabular*}{WIDTH}{PREAMBLE} ... \end{tabular*}
yuuji@51 876 Make tabular environment with specifying its width.
yuuji@51 877 To fill this width, use \extracolsep{} of preamble as below:
yuuji@51 878 \begin{tabular*}{10em}[b]{|c@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|c|c|}
yuuji@51 879 \hline
yuuji@51 880 a & b & c \\ \hline
yuuji@51 881 1 & 2 & 3
yuuji@51 882 \end{tabular*}
yuuji@51 883 See also tabular.
yuuji@51 884
yuuji@51 885 multicolumn
yuuji@51 886 \multicolumn{N}{FORMAT}{ITEM}
yuuji@51 887 In tabular environment,
yuuji@51 888 replaces the next N column items by
yuuji@51 889 ITEM, formatted according to FORMAT. FORMAT should contain at most
yuuji@51 890 one l,r or c. If it contains none, then ITEM is ignored.
yuuji@51 891
yuuji@51 892 vline
yuuji@51 893 \vline
yuuji@51 894 In tabular environment,
yuuji@51 895 draws a vertical line the height of the current row. May
yuuji@51 896 appear in an array element entry.
yuuji@51 897
yuuji@51 898
yuuji@51 899 hline
yuuji@51 900 \hline
yuuji@51 901 In tabular environment draws a horizontal line between rows. Must
yuuji@51 902 appear either before the first entry (to appear above the first row) or
yuuji@51 903 right after a \\ command. If followed by another \hline, then adds a
yuuji@51 904 \vskip of \doublerulesep.
yuuji@51 905
yuuji@51 906 cline
yuuji@51 907 \cline{i-j}
yuuji@51 908 In tabular environment,
yuuji@51 909 draws horizontal lines between rows covering columns
yuuji@51 910 i through j, inclusive. Multiple commands may follow
yuuji@51 911 one another to provide lines covering several disjoint
yuuji@51 912 columns
yuuji@51 913
yuuji@51 914 extracolsep
yuuji@51 915 \extracolsep{W}
yuuji@51 916 for use inside an @ in the preamble. Causes a WIDTH
yuuji@51 917 space to be added between columns for the rest of the
yuuji@51 918 columns. This is in addition to the ordinary intercolumn
yuuji@51 919 space.
yuuji@51 920
yuuji@51 921 picture
yuuji@51 922 \begin{picture}(WIDTH,HEIGHT)(X,Y) ..contents.. \end{picture}
yuuji@51 923 The picture environment allows you to create just about any kind of
yuuji@51 924 picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles. You tell
yuuji@51 925 LaTeX where to put things in the picture by specifying their
yuuji@51 926 coordinates. A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point
yuuji@51 927 and a minus sign - a number like 5, 2.3 or -3.1416. A coordinate
yuuji@51 928 specifies a length in multiples of the unit length \unitlength, so if
yuuji@51 929 \unitlength has been set to 1cm, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a
yuuji@51 930 length of 2.54 centimeters. You can change the value of \unitlength
yuuji@51 931 anywhere you want, using the \setlength command, but strange things
yuuji@51 932 will happen if you try changing it inside the picture environment.
yuuji@51 933
yuuji@51 934 A position is a pair of coordinates, such as (2.4,-5), specifying the
yuuji@51 935 point with x-coordinate 2.4 and y-coordinate -5. Coordinates are
yuuji@51 936 specified in the usual way with respect to an origin, which is
yuuji@51 937 normally at the lower-left corner of the picture. Note that when a
yuuji@51 938 position appears as an argument, it is not enclosed in braces; the
yuuji@51 939 parentheses serve to delimit the argument.
yuuji@51 940
yuuji@51 941 The picture environment has one mandatory argument, which is a
yuuji@51 942 position. It specifies the size of the picture. The environment
yuuji@51 943 produces a rectangular box with width and height determined by this
yuuji@51 944 argument's x- and y-coordinates.
yuuji@51 945
yuuji@51 946 The picture environment also has an optional position argument,
yuuji@51 947 following the size argument, that can change the origin. (Unlike
yuuji@51 948 ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square
yuuji@51 949 brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at
yuuji@51 950 the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin).
yuuji@51 951 For example, if \unitlength has been set to 1mm, the command
yuuji@51 952
yuuji@51 953 \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
yuuji@51 954
yuuji@51 955 produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200
yuuji@51 956 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose
yuuji@51 957 upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first
yuuji@51 958 draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the
yuuji@51 959 origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your
yuuji@51 960 picture by shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional
yuuji@51 961 argument.
yuuji@51 962
yuuji@51 963 The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of
yuuji@51 964 the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture
yuuji@51 965 really is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the
yuuji@51 966 picture, or even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used by
yuuji@51 967 TeX in determining how much room to leave for it.
yuuji@51 968
yuuji@51 969 Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the \put command. The
yuuji@51 970 command
yuuji@51 971
yuuji@51 972 \put (11.3,-.3){...}
yuuji@51 973
yuuji@51 974 puts the object specified by "..." in the picture, with its reference
yuuji@51 975 point at coordinates (11.3,-.3). The reference points for various
yuuji@51 976 objects will be described below.
yuuji@51 977
yuuji@51 978 The \put command creates an LR box. You can put anything in the text
yuuji@51 979 argument of the \put command that you'd put into the argument of an
yuuji@51 980 \mbox and related commands. When you do this, the reference point
yuuji@51 981 will be the lower left corner of the box.
yuuji@51 982
yuuji@51 983 Picture environment is obsolete I thinks, so show only commands.
yuuji@51 984
yuuji@51 985 [[COMMANDS]]
yuuji@51 986 \put(X,Y){OBJECT}
yuuji@51 987 \multiput(X,Y)(dX,dY){REPEAT}{OBJECT}
yuuji@51 988 [[OBJECTS]]
yuuji@51 989 \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 990 \framebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 991 \dashbox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 992 (POS = l, r, b, t)
yuuji@51 993 \line(dX,dY){HorizontalLength}
yuuji@51 994 \vector(dX,dY){HorizontalLength} (arrow)
yuuji@51 995 (dX,dY = +-1, +-2, ..., +-6)
yuuji@51 996 \shortstack[POS]{FIRST\\SECOND\\THIRD...}
yuuji@51 997 \circle{DIAMETER}
yuuji@51 998 \circle*{DIAMETER} (Filled circle)
yuuji@51 999 (Maximum diameters are 40pt, 15pt)
yuuji@51 1000 \oval(Dia-X,DiaY)[POS] (Oval POS = l, r, t, b)
yuuji@51 1001 \frame{OBJECT}
yuuji@51 1002 \thinlines, \thicklines (choose line thickness)
yuuji@51 1003 \linethickness{THICKNESS}
yuuji@51 1004
yuuji@51 1005 newtheorem
yuuji@51 1006 \newtheorem{NAME}{TEXT}[COUNTER] \newtheorem{NAME}[OLDNAME]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 1007 This defines the environment NAME to be just as one would expect a
yuuji@51 1008 theorem environment to be, except that it prints ``TEXT'' instead of
yuuji@51 1009 ``Theorem''.
yuuji@51 1010
yuuji@51 1011 If OLDNAME is given, then environments NAME and OLDNAME use the same
yuuji@51 1012 counter, so using a NAME environment advances the number of the next
yuuji@51 1013 NAME environment, and vice-versa.
yuuji@51 1014
yuuji@51 1015 If COUNTER is given, then environment NAME is numbered within COUNTER.
yuuji@51 1016 E.g., if COUNTER = subsection, then the first NAME in subsection 7.2
yuuji@51 1017 is numbered TEXT 7.2.1.
yuuji@51 1018
yuuji@51 1019 The way NAME environments are numbered can be changed by redefining
yuuji@51 1020 \theNAME.
yuuji@51 1021
yuuji@51 1022 title
yuuji@51 1023 \title{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1024 Define the title of the document.
yuuji@51 1025
yuuji@51 1026 author
yuuji@51 1027 \author{AUTHOR}
yuuji@51 1028 Declare the author of the document.
yuuji@51 1029
yuuji@51 1030 date
yuuji@51 1031 \date{DATE}
yuuji@51 1032 Define the date of document which is used by \maketitle.
yuuji@51 1033 Omitting DATE produces current date.
yuuji@51 1034
yuuji@51 1035 thanks
yuuji@51 1036 \thanks{FOOTNOTE}
yuuji@51 1037 Output a footnote in title page.
yuuji@51 1038
yuuji@51 1039 maketitle
yuuji@51 1040 \maketitle
yuuji@51 1041 Output a title. Should be written in document environment.
yuuji@51 1042 Here are the constituents of title page.
yuuji@51 1043 \title{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1044 \author{AUTHOR}
yuuji@51 1045 \date{DATE} (If DATE omitted, output the date of typesetting)
yuuji@51 1046 \thanks{NOTE} (Output a thanks message or the post of the author)
yuuji@51 1047
yuuji@51 1048 part
yuuji@51 1049 \part{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1050 Start a new part whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1051 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1052
yuuji@51 1053 chapter
yuuji@51 1054 \chapter{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1055 Start a chapter whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1056 Sectioning commands:
yuuji@51 1057 \part Part ?
yuuji@51 1058 \chapter Chapter ? (not available in `article.sty')
yuuji@51 1059 \section ?
yuuji@51 1060 \subsection ?.?
yuuji@51 1061 \subsubsection ?.?.?
yuuji@51 1062 \paragraph ***
yuuji@51 1063 \subparagraph ===
yuuji@51 1064
yuuji@51 1065 section
yuuji@51 1066 \section{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1067 Start a section whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1068 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1069
yuuji@51 1070 subsection
yuuji@51 1071 \subsection{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1072 Start a subsection whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1073 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1074
yuuji@51 1075 subsubsection
yuuji@51 1076 \subsubsection{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1077 Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1078 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1079
yuuji@51 1080 paragraph
yuuji@51 1081 \paragraph{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1082 Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1083 <refer chapter
yuuji@51 1084
yuuji@51 1085 subparagraph
yuuji@51 1086 \subparagraph{TITLE}
yuuji@51 1087 Start a subparagraph whose title is TITLE.
yuuji@51 1088 <refer chapter>
yuuji@51 1089
yuuji@51 1090 appendix
yuuji@51 1091 \appendix
yuuji@51 1092 Declare the beginning of appendix.
yuuji@51 1093 Change the numbering fashion to appendix oriented.
yuuji@51 1094
yuuji@51 1095 contentsline
yuuji@51 1096 \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{PAGE}
yuuji@51 1097 \contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22}
yuuji@51 1098 Macro to produce a TYPE entry in a table of contents, etc.
yuuji@51 1099 It will appear in the .TOC or other file. For example,
yuuji@51 1100 The entry for subsection 1.4.3 in the table of contents might
yuuji@51 1101 be produced by:
yuuji@51 1102 \contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22}
yuuji@51 1103 The \protect command causes command sequences to be written
yuuji@51 1104 without expanding them.
yuuji@51 1105
yuuji@51 1106 addcontentsline
yuuji@51 1107 \addcontentsline{TABLE}{TYPE}{ENTRY}
yuuji@51 1108 User command for adding his own entry to a table of contents, etc.
yuuji@51 1109 It adds the entry
yuuji@51 1110 \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{page}
yuuji@51 1111 to the .TABLE file.
yuuji@51 1112
yuuji@51 1113 addtocontents
yuuji@51 1114 \addtocontents{TABLE}{TEXT}
yuuji@51 1115 Adds TEXT to the .TABLE file, with no page number.
yuuji@51 1116
yuuji@51 1117 index
yuuji@51 1118 \index{INDEX}
yuuji@51 1119 Create an entry of index.
yuuji@51 1120
yuuji@51 1121
yuuji@51 1122 glossary
yuuji@51 1123 \glossary{STRING}
yuuji@51 1124 Create an entry of glossary.
yuuji@51 1125
yuuji@51 1126 makeindex
yuuji@51 1127 \makeindex
yuuji@51 1128 Writes \indexentry to .idx file.
yuuji@51 1129 Should be in preamble.
yuuji@51 1130
yuuji@51 1131 makeglossary
yuuji@51 1132 \makeglossary
yuuji@51 1133 Writes \glossaryentry to .glo file.
yuuji@51 1134 Should be in preamble.
yuuji@51 1135
yuuji@51 1136 bibliography
yuuji@51 1137 \bibliography{FILE1,FILE2, ... ,FILEn}
yuuji@51 1138 Specifies the bibdata files.
yuuji@51 1139
yuuji@51 1140 bibliographystyle
yuuji@51 1141 \bibliographystyle{STYLE}
yuuji@51 1142 Style of numbering of bibliographies.
yuuji@54 1143 plain normal
yuuji@54 1144 unsrt without sorting
yuuji@51 1145 alpha gives tag like "Foo94"
yuuji@51 1146 abbrv omit the first name of author, publishing month, book title
yuuji@51 1147
yuuji@51 1148 thebibliography
yuuji@51 1149 \begin{thebibliography} \bibitem{ITEM},... \end{thebibliography}
yuuji@51 1150 The thebibliography environment is a list environment. To save the
yuuji@51 1151 use of an extra counter, it should use enumiv as the item counter.
yuuji@51 1152 Instead of using \item, items in the bibliography are produced by the
yuuji@51 1153 \bibitem command.
yuuji@51 1154 ---
yuuji@51 1155 <refer bibitem>
yuuji@51 1156
yuuji@51 1157 bibitem
yuuji@51 1158 \bibitem{NAME} \bibitem[LABEL]{NAME}
yuuji@51 1159 Produces a numbered (as [1], [2],...) entry cited as NAME.
yuuji@51 1160 Second form produces an entry labeled by LABEL and cited as NAME.
yuuji@51 1161
yuuji@51 1162 thefootnote
yuuji@51 1163 In usual LaTeX style, produces the footnote number.
yuuji@51 1164 If footnotes are to be numbered within pages, then the
yuuji@51 1165 document style file must include an \@addtoreset command
yuuji@51 1166 to cause the footnote counter to be reset when the page
yuuji@51 1167 counter is stepped. This is not a good idea, though,
yuuji@51 1168 because the counter will not always be reset in time
yuuji@51 1169 to ensure that the first footnote on a page is footnote
yuuji@51 1170 number one.
yuuji@51 1171
yuuji@51 1172 footnote
yuuji@51 1173 \footnote{NOTE} or \footnote[NUM]{NOTE}
yuuji@51 1174 User command to insert a footnote.
yuuji@51 1175 In second form, insert a footnote numbered
yuuji@51 1176 NUM, where NUM is a number -- 1, 2,
yuuji@51 1177 etc. For example, if footnotes are numbered
yuuji@51 1178 *, **, etc. within pages, then \footnote[2]{...}
yuuji@51 1179 produces footnote '**'. This command does not
yuuji@51 1180 step the footnote counter.
yuuji@51 1181 (fragile)
yuuji@51 1182
yuuji@51 1183 footnotemark
yuuji@51 1184 \footnotemark[NUM]
yuuji@51 1185 Command to produce just the footnote mark in
yuuji@51 1186 the text, but no footnote. With no argument,
yuuji@51 1187 it steps the footnote counter before generating
yuuji@51 1188 the mark.
yuuji@51 1189
yuuji@51 1190 footnotetext
yuuji@51 1191 \footnotetext[NUM]{TEXT}
yuuji@51 1192 Command to produce the footnote but no mark.
yuuji@51 1193 \footnote is equivalent to \footnotemark \footnotetext .
yuuji@51 1194
yuuji@51 1195 footnotesize
yuuji@51 1196 {\footnotesize ...}
yuuji@51 1197 Size-changing command for footnotes.
yuuji@51 1198
yuuji@51 1199 footnotesep
yuuji@51 1200 \footnotesep
yuuji@51 1201 The height of a strut placed at the beginning of every footnote.
yuuji@51 1202
yuuji@51 1203 footnoterule
yuuji@51 1204 \footnoterule
yuuji@51 1205 Macro to draw the rule separating footnotes from text.
yuuji@51 1206 It is executed right after a \vspace of \skip\footins.
yuuji@51 1207 It should take zero vertical space--i.e., it should to
yuuji@51 1208 a negative skip to compensate for any positive space
yuuji@51 1209 it occupies. (See PLAIN.TEX.)
yuuji@51 1210
yuuji@51 1211 documentstyle
yuuji@51 1212 \documentstyle[OPTION1,OPTION2, ... ,OPTIONn]{STYLE}
yuuji@51 1213 The user starts his file with the command as above
yuuji@51 1214 which saves the OPTION's and \input's the file STYLE.STY.
yuuji@51 1215
yuuji@51 1216 verb
yuuji@51 1217 \verb#CONTENTS#
yuuji@51 1218 The command \verb produces in-line verbatim text, where the argument
yuuji@51 1219 is delimited by any pair of characters. E.g., \verb #...# takes
yuuji@51 1220 '...' as its argument, and sets it verbatim in \tt font.
yuuji@51 1221
yuuji@51 1222 The *-variants of these commands is the same, except that spaces
yuuji@51 1223 print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces.
yuuji@51 1224
yuuji@51 1225 styleparameter
yuuji@51 1226
yuuji@51 1227 topfigrule
yuuji@51 1228 \topfigrule
yuuji@51 1229 Command to place rule (or whatever) between floats
yuuji@51 1230 at top of page and text. Executed in inner vertical
yuuji@51 1231 mode right before the \textfloatsep skip separating
yuuji@51 1232 the floats from the text. Must occupy zero vertical
yuuji@51 1233 space. (See \footnoterule.)
yuuji@51 1234
yuuji@51 1235 botfigrule
yuuji@51 1236 \setlength{\botfigrule}{LENGTH}
yuuji@51 1237 Same as \topfigrule, but put after the \textfloatsep
yuuji@51 1238 skip separating text from the floats at bottom of page.
yuuji@51 1239
yuuji@51 1240 intextsep
yuuji@51 1241 \setlength{\intextsep}{LENGTH}
yuuji@51 1242 Space left on top and bottom of an in-text float.
yuuji@51 1243
yuuji@51 1244 newpage
yuuji@51 1245 \newpage
yuuji@51 1246 Advance to a new page.
yuuji@51 1247 \clearpage Output the unfinished table of images, if any,
yuuji@51 1248 and clear page.
yuuji@51 1249 \cleardoublepage Same as \clearpage except that when spread style
yuuji@51 1250 (such as book), start a new page with odd page.
yuuji@51 1251 \newpage Finish current column when twocolumn.
yuuji@51 1252
yuuji@51 1253 clearpage
yuuji@51 1254 \clearpage
yuuji@51 1255 <refer newpage>
yuuji@51 1256
yuuji@51 1257 cleardoublepage
yuuji@51 1258 \cleardoublepage
yuuji@51 1259 <refer newpage>
yuuji@51 1260
yuuji@51 1261 length
yuuji@51 1262
yuuji@51 1263 Here are the available units of length in TeX.
yuuji@51 1264 cm centi meter
yuuji@51 1265 em width of `M'
yuuji@51 1266 ex height of `x'
yuuji@51 1267 in inch (=2.54cm)
yuuji@51 1268 mm mi.li meter
yuuji@51 1269 pc pica(=12pt)
yuuji@51 1270 pt point (72.27pt=1 inch)
yuuji@51 1271 \fill Freely extendable length whose normal length is 0
yuuji@51 1272 \stretch{X} X-times as long as \fill
yuuji@51 1273
yuuji@51 1274 stretch
yuuji@51 1275 \stretch{X}
yuuji@51 1276 <refer length>
yuuji@51 1277
yuuji@51 1278 twocolumn
yuuji@51 1279 \twocolumn[STRING]
yuuji@51 1280 Clear page and start two-column typesetting.
yuuji@51 1281 Optional argument [STRING] specifies the page-acrossing title.
yuuji@51 1282 ->onecolumn
yuuji@51 1283
yuuji@51 1284 onecolumn
yuuji@51 1285 \onecolumn
yuuji@51 1286 Clear page and start one-column typesetting.
yuuji@51 1287 ->twocolumn
yuuji@51 1288
yuuji@51 1289 topnewpage
yuuji@51 1290 \topnewpage{BOX}
yuuji@51 1291 Begin a new page and create the parbox-ed BOX whose width is \textwidth.
yuuji@51 1292 This is useful to make a page-acrossing title in a twocolumn page.
yuuji@51 1293
yuuji@51 1294 YaTeX
yuuji@51 1295 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist))
yuuji@54 1296 The mode you are probably using now.
yuuji@54 1297 Bells and whistles for using LaTeX at a breeze.
yuuji@51 1298
yuuji@54 1299 [pronunciation]
yuuji@54 1300 ``ya-tek'' for programs as yatex.el, ``ya-cho'' when referring to the
yuuji@54 1301 whole system. ``ya-cho'' in Japanese stands for ``wild bird''
yuuji@51 1302
yuuji@51 1303
yuuji@51 1304 yatex
yuuji@54 1305 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist))
yuuji@51 1306 <refer YaTeX>
yuuji@51 1307