yatex
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[prefix] g for <applet> <!--#include> <!--#exec>
| author | yuuji |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 26 Oct 1998 12:05:32 +0000 |
| parents | 2d45e43fb35f |
| children | 44e3a5e1e883 |
line source
1 textfloatsep
2 \addtolength{\textfloatsep}{LENGTH}
3 Length between the text and a float at the top or bottom of page
5 floatsep
6 \addtolength{\floatsep}{LENGTH}
7 Length between two floats
9 oddsidemargin
10 \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH}
11 Length between text and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
12 right page
15 pagestyle
16 \pagestyle{STYLE}
17 Determines header and footer styles on output page. There are the
18 following styles
19 plain Standard style. Page number only in footer.
20 empty No headers or footers are output.
21 headings Puts page number and headings according to section in header.
22 No footer is output.
23 myheadings User defines what goes into headings using \markbpth and \markright
25 thispagestyle
26 \thispagestyle{STYLE}
27 Determines the STYLE for the current page only
29 pagenumbering
30 \pagenumbering{STYLE}
31 Determines the STYLE of page numbers. Type of STYLEs are,
32 arabic arabic numerals
33 alph lowercase alphabets
34 Alph uppercase alphabets
35 roman lowercase roman numerals
36 Roman uppercase roman numerals
38 shortstack
39 \shortstack[POSITION]{TEXT\\TO BE\\STACKED}
40 Stack and display contents within {}, separated by \\.
41 Possible [POSITION]s are, l(left), c(center), r(right).
43 newlength
44 \newlength{NAME}
45 Declare NAME as a length command.
47 addtolength
48 \addtolength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE}
49 Adds VALUE to LENGTH COMMAND.
50 See \setlength for major style parameters.
52 setlength
53 \setlength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE}
54 Set the value of LENGTH COMMAND to VALUE.
55 Major style parameters are:
56 (Style parameters must be changed in the preamble)
57 \evensidemargin \footheight \footskip \headheight
58 \headsep \marginparsep \marginparwidth \oddsidemargin
59 \textheight \textwidth \topmargin \topskip
60 \parindent \baselineskip \baselinestretch \parskip
61 \columnsep \columnseprule \mathindent
63 settowidth{\NAME}{TEXT}
64 Set the value of \NAME to the width of \hbox{TEXT}.
66 evensidemargin
67 \setlength{\evensidemargin}{LENGTH}
68 Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
69 left page.
71 footheight
72 \setlength{\footheight}{LENGTH}
73 Height of footer.
75 footskip
76 \setlength{\footskip}{LENGTH}
77 Length between bottom of body and footer.
79 headheight
80 \addtolength{\headheight}{LENGTH}
81 Height of header.
83 headsep
84 \setlength{\headsep}{LENGTH}
85 Length between top of body and header.
87 marginparsep
88 \addtolength{\marginparsep}{LENGTH}
89 Length between the body and marginal notes
91 marginparwidth
92 \addtolength{\marginparwidth}{LENGTH}
93 Width of marginal notes.
95 oddsidemargin
96 \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH}
97 Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the
98 right page.
101 textheight
102 \addtolength{\textheight}{LENGTH}
103 Height of text.
105 textwidth
106 \addtolength{\textwidth}{LENGTH}
107 Width of body.
109 topmargin
110 \addtolength{\topmargin}{LENGTH}
111 Length between the header and a line one inch from the top of the page.
113 topskip
114 \addtolength{\topskip}{LENGTH}
115 Length between top of the body to the first line of the text.
117 parindent
118 \setlength{\parindent}{LENGTH}
119 Width of indentation at the beginning of a paragraph.
121 linewidth
122 \addtolength{\linewidth}{LENGTH}
123 Width of lines.
125 baselineskip
126 \addtolength{baselineskip}{LENGTH}
127 Minimum height between baselines (bottom of a line).
129 baselinestretch
130 \renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.5}
131 Value to multiply \baselineskip. (default is 1)
132 (* Redefine using \renewcommand. Don't use \setlength.
134 parskip
135 \addtolength{\parskip}{LENGTH}
136 Vertical space before a paragraph.
138 columnsep
139 \addtolength{\columnsep}{LENGTH}
140 Width between columns in a two column environment.
142 columnseprule
143 \addtolength{\columnseprule}{LENGTH}
144 Width of ruler to separate columns in a two column environment.
145 (default is 0pt)
147 columnwidth
148 \addtolength{\columnwidth}{LENGTH}
149 (\textwidth - \columnsep)/2 in a two column environment.
150 Otherwise, equal to \textwidth.
152 mathindent
153 \addtolength{mathindent}{LENGTH}
154 Width of indentation of a equation from the left margin, when fleqn is
155 defined as style option.
157 LaTeX
158 \LaTeX
159 Display \LaTeX logo. Definition of \LaTeX is;
160 \def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em
161 T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
163 fragile
164 ** LaTeX term **
165 Any command which expanded result changes by an argument.
166 Opposite is a robust command.
168 robust
169 ** LaTeX term **
170 Commands which expanded results are always the same.
171 Font type/size selection commands, length commands, and most commands
172 used within math mode is robust.
173 (maketitle type commands that don't take any arguments)
175 protect
176 \protect `a fragile command'
177 Commands that the result changes according to it's arguments are
178 called "fragile commands". When an argument is referenced in more
179 than one place, the command is said to "take a moving argument".
180 chapter and caption, whose argument will be used in the table of
181 contents, or an @ in an tabular/array environment are examples.
183 When a "fragile command" is used in a "moving argument", it must be
184 preceded by a \protect. Following is an example.
186 \newcommand{\thissystem}[1]{YaTeX version #1}
187 \chapter{About \protect \thissystem{1.50}}
189 newcommand
190 \newcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF}
191 Define a macro \NAME as DEF, taking ARGS number of arguments. The nth
192 argument will be referred as #n in the definition.
193 If used as
194 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\underline{#1}}
195 \foo{bar} will be expanded to \underline{bar}. When a font selection
196 command is used as
197 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\bf #1}
198 \foo{bar} will be expanded as \bf bar in the text, so, it must be used as
199 \newcommand{\foo}[1]{{\bf #1}}
201 If NAME is already defined as a macro, it will return an error. To
202 redefine, use \renewcommand.
204 renewcommand
205 \renewcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF}
206 Redefine an already defined command.
207 <refer newcommand>
209 newenvironment
210 \newenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2}
211 Define a new environment.
212 \begin{NAME} will be replaced by DEF1 and \end{NAME} will be replaced
213 by DEF2. Same as
214 \newcommand{\NAME}{DEF1} \def{\end{\NAME}}{DEF2}
216 renewenvironment
217 \renewenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2}
218 Redefine an environment NAME that already exists.
219 <refer newenvironment>
221 typeout
222 \typeout{MESSAGE}
223 Output MESSAGE to the terminal while typesetting.
225 typein
226 \typein{MESSAGE} \typein[\MACRO]{MESSAGE}
227 Output MESSAGE to terminal and execute the input.
228 In the second form, \MACRO will be defined as the input.
230 par
231 \par
232 Used to separate paragraphs. Same as a blank line.
234 everypar
235 \everypar
236 RTFM
238 nopagebreak
239 \nopagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
240 Prevents pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
242 pagebreak
243 \pagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
244 Forces pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
246 linebreak
247 \linebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
248 Forces lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
250 nolinebreak
251 \nolinebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4)
252 Prevents lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4)
254 samepage
255 \samepage
256 Prevents page to be broken.
257 RTFM
259 obeycr
260 \obeycr
261 Define <CR> as \\. see \restorecr
263 restorecr
264 \restorecr
265 Restore <CR>'s definition changed by \obeycr.
267 \
268 \\ \\[LENGTH]
270 Breaks a line at any given point. Same as \newline if used within a
271 paragraph. If an option argument LENGTH is given, vertical space to
272 next line will be \vspace{LENGTH}.
274 addvspace
275 \addvspace{SKIP}
276 Adds space equal to SKIP to vertical space. If more than one values
277 are given as \addvspace{S1} \addvspace{S2}, it will be the same as
278 \addvspace{the larger of S1, S2}.
280 vspace
281 \vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH}
282 Adds vertical space of LENGTH.
283 \vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not
284 add at beginning or end of a page.
286 vspace*
287 \vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH}
288 Adds vertical space of LENGTH.
289 \vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not
290 add at beginning or end of a page.
292 hspace
293 \hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH}
294 Adds horizontal space of LENGTH.
295 \hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add
296 at beginning or end of a line.
298 hspace*
299 \hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH}
300 Adds horizontal space of LENGTH.
301 \hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add
302 at beginning or end of a line.
304 smallskip
305 \smallskip
306 Put a small vertical space.
307 \def\smallskip{\vspace\smallskipamount}
309 medskip
310 \medskip
311 Put a medium vertical space.
312 \def\medskip{\vspace\medskipamount}
314 bigskip
315 \bigskip
316 Put a big vertical skip.
317 \def\bigskip{\vspace\bigskipamount}
319 ,
320 \,
321 Opens a thin space. Can be used in paragraph mode, LR mode, or math mode.
322 Used to write a quote within a quote.
323 example: ``\,`Foo', he said.''
324 Spaces that can be used in math mode are:
325 \: medium space
326 \! negative and thin space
327 \; thick space
329 :
330 $\:$
331 Medium space. Math mode only.
333 !
334 $\!$
335 Negative thin space. Math mode only.
337 ;
338 $\;$
339 Thick space. Math mode only.
341 whiledo{TEST}{BODY}
342 Repeat BODY while TEST is true.
344 nofiles
345 \nofiles
346 If \nofiles is in the preamble, .aux, .idx, .lof, .lot, .toc files will
347 not be made.
349 includeonly
350 \includeonly{sub1} \includeonly{sub1,sub3}
351 Appoints actual files to be read and processed by \include{}. (.tex can
352 be suppressed)
353 Files not given in the argument list of \includeonly will not be
354 processed at all. If the file has been processed before, it will be
355 treated as if there were no changes from then.
357 include
358 \include{FILE}
359 Same as
360 \clearpage \input{FILE} \clearpage
362 input
363 \input{FILE}
364 Process as if FILE.tex has been inserted at that point.
366 setcounter
367 \setcounter{FOO}{VAL}
368 Set counter FOO's value to VAL.
370 addtocounter
371 \addtocounter{FOO}{VAL}
372 Add value VAL to counter FOO.
374 newcounter
375 \newcounter{COUNTER}[OLDCTR]
376 Defines a new counter COUNTER.
377 If an optional argument OLDCTR is given, COUNTER's value will be reset
378 every time OLDCTR's value is changed by \stepcounter or \addtocounter.
380 value
381 \value{COUNTER}
382 Returns value of COUNTER. Must not be preceded by \protect.
384 stepcounter
385 \stepcounter{FOO}
386 Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to FOO.
388 refstepcounter
389 \refstepcounter{FOO}
390 Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to
391 FOO. Defers with \stepcounter as; if \label{hoge} follows immediately
392 after \refstepcounter{FOO}, \ref{hoge}'s value will be set to \value{FOO}.
394 arabic
395 \arabic{COUNTER}
396 Output COUNTER's value in arabic numerals.
398 roman
399 \roman{COUNTER}
400 Output COUNTER's value in lower case roman numerals.
402 Roman
403 \Roman{COUNTER}
404 Output COUNTER's value in upper case roman numerals.
406 alph
407 \alph{COUNTER}
408 Output COUNTER's value in lower case alphabet.
410 Alph
411 \Alph{COUNTER}
412 Output COUNTER's value in upper case alphabet.
414 fnsymbol
415 \fnsymbol{COUNTER}
416 Output COUNTER's value in footnote symbols (1 = *, 2 = \dagger, ...).
417 Math mode only.
419 label
420 \label{LABEL}
421 Set value of LABEL to \ref VALUE.
422 This value is referred by \ref{VALUE}. \pageref{LABEL} refers to the
423 page number \label{LABEL} exists.
424 ``\ref VALUEs'' are, section commands as \section, \item commands within
425 an enumerate environment, values set by a theorem environment. For
426 example, immediately after a \item of a enumerate environment, the item
427 number will be the ``\ref VALUE''. \label{LABEL} will set the item
428 number to LABEL.
430 ref
431 \ref{LABEL}
432 Refer to LABEL's value set by \label{LABEL}.
433 Examples of values returned are; page numbers for LABELs set in the main
434 text, table numbers for LABELs set in a table, and the item number for
435 LABELs set in an item of the enumerate environment.
437 pageref
438 pageref{LABEL}
439 Refer to the page number where \label{LABEL} exists.
441 (
442 \( EQUATION \)
443 Produce an in-text equation.
444 Same as
445 \begin{math} EQUATION \end{math}
446 \( and \) are fragile.
448 )
449 \( x^2 = 4 \)
450 Produce an in-text equation.
451 Same as
452 \begin{math} EQUATION \end{math}
453 \( and \) are fragile.
455 [
456 \[ EQUATION \]
457 Produce an equation in display mode.
458 Same as
459 \begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath}
460 \[ and \] are fragile.
462 )
463 \[ EQUATION \]
464 Produce an equation in display mode.
465 Same as
466 \begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath}
467 \[ and \] are fragile.
469 equation
470 \begin{equation} EQUATION \end{equation}
471 Produce a numbered equation in displaymath mode.
473 eqnarray
474 \begin{eqnarray} EQNS \end{eqnarray}
475 Produce equations aligned in three columns. The columns are separated by
476 & as ``left member & sign & right member''. For example,
477 \begin{eqnarray}
478 3x + 2y & = & 4 \\
479 x - 4y & = & -5
480 \end{eqnarray}
482 eqnarray*
483 \begin{eqnarray*} EQNS \end{eqnarray*}
484 Same as eqnarray, except no equation numbers are produced.
486 frac
487 \frac{NUMER}{DENOM}
488 Produce a fraction as
489 NUMER
490 ------
491 DENOM
492 Same as {NUMER \over DENOM}
494 sqrt
495 \sqrt[N]{EQUATION}
496 Produces the Nth power of EQUATION. Gives a square root if [N] is not given.
498 lefteqn
499 \lefteqn{EQUATION}
500 In display math mode, presume EQUATION has zero width and print it flush left.
501 Used in eqnarray environment when the left member is too long and needs
502 folding.
503 \begin{eqnarray}
504 \lefteqn{a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n =} \\
505 & & a_1 + b_1 + \cdots + z_1 + \\
506 & & b_2 + c+2 + \cdost + z_2
507 \end{eqnarray}
509 center
510 \begin{center} TEXT \end{center}
511 Center TEXT. Each line must be separated by \\.
512 <refer \centering>
514 flushright
515 \begin{flushright} TEXT \end{flushright}
516 Align end of each line with right margin. Each line must be separated by \\.
517 <refer \raggedright>
519 flushleft
520 \begin{flushleft} TEXT \end{flushleft}
521 Align start of each line with left margin. \\ can be given to decide
522 point of line break. Otherwise lines will be broken at an appropriate
523 length.
524 <refer \raggedleft>
526 centering
527 \centering
528 Produce a centered paragraph.
529 Declared at the beginning of a table/figura environment, it will center
530 until the end of the environment.
532 raggedright
533 \raggedright
534 Produce flush-left paragraphs.
536 raggedleft
537 \raggedleft
538 Produce flush-right paragraphs.
540 raggedbottom
541 \raggedbottom
542 Allow height of each page to vary.
543 Declared in the preamble.
544 <refer \flushbottom>
546 flushbottom
547 \flushbottom
548 Make all text pages the same height.
549 Declared in the preamble.
550 <refer \raggedbottom>
552 sloppy
553 \sloppy
554 Always breaks the line at the right-hand margin, but allows too much
555 space between words.
556 <refer \fussy>
558 fussy
559 \fussy
560 Return to normal line breaking.
561 <refer \sloppy>
563 sloppypar
564 \begin{sloppypar} PARAGRAPH \end{sloppypar}
565 Produce PARAGRAPH in \sloppy.
566 <refer \sloppy>
568 verbatim
569 \begin{verbatim} ... \end{verbatim}
570 The verbatim environment uses the fixed-width \tt font, turns blanks into
571 spaces, starts a new line for each carriage return (or sequence of
572 consecutive carriage returns), and interprets EVERY character literally.
573 I.e., all special characters \, {, $, etc. are \catcode'd to 'other'.
575 verbatim*
576 \begin{verbatim*} ... \end{verbatim*}
577 The verbatim* environment is the same to verbatim, except that spaces
578 print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces.
579 <refer verbatim>
581 list
582 \begin{list}{LABEL}{PARAMETER} ... \end{list}
583 Enter list environment. Each \item will be listed with an indent.
584 First argument gives the default label when \item's optional argument is
585 omitted. Second argument gives parameters to be processed for each item.
586 example:
587 \begin{list}%
588 {$\diamond$}
589 {\addtolength{\leftmargin}{4em}}
590 \item First argument is the default label when \verb|\item|'s optional
591 argument is given.
592 \item Second argument will be processed for each item.
593 \item[*] If a optional argument is given such as this, it will be the label.
594 \end{list}
596 Variables to control the list environment are as follow; (default value)
597 horizontal:
598 <refer variables to control list environment>
600 variables to control list environment
601 \labelwidth width of label
602 \labelsep space between right of label and text of first item
603 \leftmargin left margin within list environment
604 \rightmargin right margin within list environment (0pt)
605 \itemindent width of indent preceding item (0pt)
606 \linewidth width of line
607 \listparindent indent for each paragraph (except first paragraph with \item)
608 (0pt)
610 vertical:
611 \topsep space between last paragraph before list environment and
612 first item
613 \partopsep space added to \topsep when starting a new paragraph in list
614 environment
615 \itemsep space between successive items
616 \parsep space between paragraphs within the same item
618 itemize
619 \begin{itemize} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{itemize}
620 Produce a bulleted list.
621 Can be nested to four levels.
622 ``bullets'' shown at top of each item of the four levels are controlled
623 by \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii, \labelitemiv.
625 Variables to control the itemize environment are;
626 <refer variables to control list environment>
628 enumerate
629 \begin{enumerate} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{enumerate}
630 Produce a numbered list.
631 Can be nested to four levels.
632 Numbers for items on each level are held in enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv.
633 Each item's label are produced by \labelenumi, ..., \labelenumiv.
634 \p@enumN\theenumN will set \ref's value. (N is the depth of level.
635 refer \ref for value of \ref)
636 For example, if declared
637 \def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
638 \def\p@enumii{\theenumi\theenumii}
639 \def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
640 \ref's value will be 3a.
642 Variables to control enumerate environment are,
643 <refer variables to control list environment>
645 item
646 \item \item[LABEL]
647 Start an item in itemize, enumerate, description environment.
648 Output LABEL if [LABEL] is given.
650 description
651 \begin{description} \item[LABEL] CONTENTS ... \end{description}
652 Produce [LABEL] as a label.
654 subitem
655 \subitem ITEM
656 Define a subitem.
658 subsubitem
659 \subsubitem ITEM
660 Define a subsubitem.
662 makebox
663 \makebox[WID][POS]{OBJECT} \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{OBJECT}
664 First form will place OBJECT at position POS and width WID in a \box.
665 For POS, object will be placed flush-left if l, flush-right if r, and
666 centered if nothing is given
667 In the second form, object will be placed in a \hbox sized (X,Y) (in
668 \unitlength) within a picture environment. POS is the same as the first form.
670 mbox
671 \mbox{OBJECT}
672 Same as \makebox{OBJECT}.
674 newsavebox
675 \newsavebox{\CMD}
676 Define a new box saving command. \CMD is used in a \savebox command to
677 save boxes. Commands defined by \newsavebox are always global.
679 savebox
680 \savebox{\CMD}{TEXT}
681 Save results of TEXT in \CMD to be boxed.
682 TEXT is the same as the argument of \makebox, but the results of
683 processing TEXT is not displayed in-place. Boxes processed by
684 \usebox{\CMD} will be placed.
686 sbox
687 \sbox{\CMD}{TEXT}
688 Same as \savebox. \sbox is robust, and \savebox is fragile.
690 framebox
691 \framebox{OBJECT}
692 Do the same thing as \makebox with a frame.
693 The frame's width and space between the object are decided by \framerule
694 and \framesep. If used as \framebox(X,Y){OBJECT} in a picture
695 environment, width of frame will be dependant to the picture
696 environment's line width, and space between the object and frame can not
697 be opened.
699 fbox
700 \fbox{OBJECT}
701 Same as \framebox{OBJECT}.
702 \fbox is robust, \framebox fragile.
704 parbox
705 \parbox[POS]{WIDTH}{TEXT}
706 Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT. The box's position by POS is;
707 c : centering (default)
708 b : bottom of box matches present text
709 t : top of box matches present text
711 In \parbox, parameters will be reset as;
712 \parskip = 0pt
713 \linewidth = \hsize
714 \@totalleftmargin = 0pt
715 \leftskip = 0pt
716 \rightskip = 0pt
717 \@rightskip = 0pt
718 \parfillskip = 0pt plus 1fil
719 \lineskip = \normallineskip
720 \baselineskip = \normalbaselineskip
722 minipage
723 \begin{minipage}[pos]{WIDTH} TEXT \end{minipage}
724 Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT as \parbox. The box's position by
725 POS is;
726 c : centering (default)
727 b : bottom of box matches present text
728 t : top of box matches present text
729 TEXT will be processed as a normal paragraph, differing from \parbox.
731 rule
732 \rule[RAISED]{WIDTH}{HEIGHT}
733 Make a rule of WIDTH x HEIGHT. If RAISED is given, will be raised that
734 amount.
736 underline
737 \underline{TEXT}
738 Underline TEXT.
740 raisebox
741 \raisebox{DISTANCE}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{BOX}
742 Raise BOX by DISTANCE.
743 If HEIGHT and DEPTH are given, TeX will take it as the height and depth
744 of the box.
745 (see TeXBook for more info)
747 tabbing
748 \begin{tabbing} \= text1.1 \= text1.2 \\ \> text2.1 \> text2.2 \end{tabbing}
749 Creates an environment of aligned columns (nesting allowed). For example,
750 \begin{tabbing}
751 \= ITEM1 \hspace*{2em} \= ITEM2 \hspace*{3em} \= ITEM3 \\
752 \> aabbcc \> ddeeff \> gghhii \+ \\
753 \> jjkkll \> mmnnoo \\
754 \> ppqqrr \- \\
755 \> ssttuu \> vvwwxx \> yyzzzz
756 \end{tabbing}
757 will be processed with three tab stops as,
758 (1st item) (2nd item) (3rd item)
759 aabbcc ddeeff gghhii
760 jjkkll mmnnoo
761 ppqqrr
762 ssttuu vvwwxx yyzzzz
763 \2em/ \3em/
764 Commands to control the tabbing environment are; (n starts from 1)
765 \= Sets the nth tab stop position to the current position and increment
766 the tab counter (n) by 1.
767 \\ Start a new line and reset the tab counter (n=1)
768 \> Set the position to the nth tab stop and increment the tab counter by 1.
769 \+ Add 1 to the next line's tab counter's initial value. If written as
770 \+ \\, the next line's \> will give the position of the second tab
771 stop. Multiple \+ will accumulate tab counter's initial value.
773 \- Reverse of \+. Decrease initial value of tab counter for next line
774 by 1.
775 \< Decrease value of tab counter by 1 and set the tab stop. Can be
776 only used at the beginning of a line.
777 \' Output at a position \tabbinsep right from the normal tab stop.
778 \` Output remaining text flush-right.
779 \pushtabs Push all tab stop positions being used.
780 \poptabs Push all tab stop positions being used. \pushtabs and \poptabs
781 must be used in pairs. Nesting allowed.
782 \aX In a tabbing environment, accents are produced by \a=, \a', \a`
783 \kill Without outputting text, parse tabbing definition.
785 array
786 \begin{array}{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{array}
787 Make a mathematical array. Useful to make matrix.
788 See the help of `tabular' for detailed description.
790 tabular
791 \begin{tabular}[OPT]{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{tabular}
792 Make tabular.
793 [[OPT]]
794 [t] Align the top of tabular to the line.
795 [b] Align the bottom of tabular to the line.
796 [[PREAMBLE]]
797 l,r,c : indicate where entry is to be placed.
798 | : for vertical rule
799 @{EXP} : inserts the text EXP in every column. \arraycolsep or \tabcolsep
800 spacing is suppressed.
801 *{N}{PRE} : equivalent to writing N copies of PRE in the preamble. PRE
802 may contain *{N'}{EXP'} expressions.
803 p{LEN} : makes entry in parbox of width LEN. This is useful when
804 each column contains long sentences.
806 [[Usable commands in array, tabular environment]]
807 \multicolumn
808 <refer multicolumn>
809 \vline
810 <refer vline>
811 \hline
812 <refer hline>
813 \cline{i-j}
814 <refer cline>
815 \extracolsep{W}
816 <refer extracolsep>
819 See below as an example.
821 \LaTeX Expression Printed image
822 \begin{array}{ccr}
823 x+y+z & a_1 & 1 \\ x+y+z a1 1
824 x+z & a_2 & 21 \\ x+z a2 21
825 y & a_3 & 321 y a3 321
826 \end{array}
828 \[ \left(
829 \begin{array}{cccc}
830 a_{11} & a_{12} & \dots & a_{1n} \\ / a11 a12 ... a1n \
831 a_{21} & a_{22} & \dots & a_{2n} \\ | a21 a22 ... a2n |
832 \vdots & \vdots & \ddots& \vdots \\ | : : \. : |
833 a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \dots & a_{nn} \ an1 an2 ..: ann /
834 \end{array}
835 \right)\]
837 \begin{tabular}{lp{0.7\textwidth}
838 \hline ----------------------------
839 \verb|.| & Period matches with . Period matches with any
840 any single character.\\ single character.
841 \verb|*| & Asterisk matches with * Asterisk matches with 0
842 0 or more repetition or more repetition of
843 of preceding regexp. preceding regexp.
844 \\ \hline ----------------------------
845 \end{tabular}
847 (End of example)
849 \right(, \left) or \right{, left} or \right[, \left] or \right|, \left|
850 can enclose whole of array environment by parentheses, braces, brackets,
851 norm respectively. The number of `\right's and `\left's should be the
852 same, but the type of parentheses don't have to match like
853 \right( \left]. `\right.' produces the invisible parenthesis.
855 \[ Ans. \cdots \left\{ /
856 \begin{array}{ccc} | x = 5
857 x & = & 5 \\ Ans. ...<
858 y & = & 3 | y = 3
859 \end{array} \right. \] \
861 Here are the style parameters for the tabular environment.
862 \arraycolsep : half the width separating columns in an array environment
863 \tabcolsep : half the width separating columns in a tabular environment
864 \arrayrulewidth : width of rules
865 \doublerulesep : space between adjacent rules in array or tabular
866 \arraystretch : line spacing in array and tabular environments is done by
867 placing a strut in every row of height and depth
868 \arraystretch times the height and depth of the strut
869 produced by an ordinary \strut command.
871 Tabular environment cannot spread across pages. `supertabular.sty'
872 allows this.
874 tabular*
875 \begin{tabular*}{WIDTH}{PREAMBLE} ... \end{tabular*}
876 Make tabular environment with specifying its width.
877 To fill this width, use \extracolsep{} of preamble as below:
878 \begin{tabular*}{10em}[b]{|c@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|c|c|}
879 \hline
880 a & b & c \\ \hline
881 1 & 2 & 3
882 \end{tabular*}
883 See also tabular.
885 multicolumn
886 \multicolumn{N}{FORMAT}{ITEM}
887 In tabular environment,
888 replaces the next N column items by
889 ITEM, formatted according to FORMAT. FORMAT should contain at most
890 one l,r or c. If it contains none, then ITEM is ignored.
892 vline
893 \vline
894 In tabular environment,
895 draws a vertical line the height of the current row. May
896 appear in an array element entry.
899 hline
900 \hline
901 In tabular environment draws a horizontal line between rows. Must
902 appear either before the first entry (to appear above the first row) or
903 right after a \\ command. If followed by another \hline, then adds a
904 \vskip of \doublerulesep.
906 cline
907 \cline{i-j}
908 In tabular environment,
909 draws horizontal lines between rows covering columns
910 i through j, inclusive. Multiple commands may follow
911 one another to provide lines covering several disjoint
912 columns
914 extracolsep
915 \extracolsep{W}
916 for use inside an @ in the preamble. Causes a WIDTH
917 space to be added between columns for the rest of the
918 columns. This is in addition to the ordinary intercolumn
919 space.
921 picture
922 \begin{picture}(WIDTH,HEIGHT)(X,Y) ..contents.. \end{picture}
923 The picture environment allows you to create just about any kind of
924 picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles. You tell
925 LaTeX where to put things in the picture by specifying their
926 coordinates. A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point
927 and a minus sign - a number like 5, 2.3 or -3.1416. A coordinate
928 specifies a length in multiples of the unit length \unitlength, so if
929 \unitlength has been set to 1cm, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a
930 length of 2.54 centimeters. You can change the value of \unitlength
931 anywhere you want, using the \setlength command, but strange things
932 will happen if you try changing it inside the picture environment.
934 A position is a pair of coordinates, such as (2.4,-5), specifying the
935 point with x-coordinate 2.4 and y-coordinate -5. Coordinates are
936 specified in the usual way with respect to an origin, which is
937 normally at the lower-left corner of the picture. Note that when a
938 position appears as an argument, it is not enclosed in braces; the
939 parentheses serve to delimit the argument.
941 The picture environment has one mandatory argument, which is a
942 position. It specifies the size of the picture. The environment
943 produces a rectangular box with width and height determined by this
944 argument's x- and y-coordinates.
946 The picture environment also has an optional position argument,
947 following the size argument, that can change the origin. (Unlike
948 ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square
949 brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at
950 the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin).
951 For example, if \unitlength has been set to 1mm, the command
953 \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
955 produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200
956 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose
957 upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first
958 draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the
959 origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your
960 picture by shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional
961 argument.
963 The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of
964 the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture
965 really is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the
966 picture, or even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used by
967 TeX in determining how much room to leave for it.
969 Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the \put command. The
970 command
972 \put (11.3,-.3){...}
974 puts the object specified by "..." in the picture, with its reference
975 point at coordinates (11.3,-.3). The reference points for various
976 objects will be described below.
978 The \put command creates an LR box. You can put anything in the text
979 argument of the \put command that you'd put into the argument of an
980 \mbox and related commands. When you do this, the reference point
981 will be the lower left corner of the box.
983 Picture environment is obsolete I thinks, so show only commands.
985 [[COMMANDS]]
986 \put(X,Y){OBJECT}
987 \multiput(X,Y)(dX,dY){REPEAT}{OBJECT}
988 [[OBJECTS]]
989 \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
990 \framebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
991 \dashbox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT}
992 (POS = l, r, b, t)
993 \line(dX,dY){HorizontalLength}
994 \vector(dX,dY){HorizontalLength} (arrow)
995 (dX,dY = +-1, +-2, ..., +-6)
996 \shortstack[POS]{FIRST\\SECOND\\THIRD...}
997 \circle{DIAMETER}
998 \circle*{DIAMETER} (Filled circle)
999 (Maximum diameters are 40pt, 15pt)
1000 \oval(Dia-X,DiaY)[POS] (Oval POS = l, r, t, b)
1001 \frame{OBJECT}
1002 \thinlines, \thicklines (choose line thickness)
1003 \linethickness{THICKNESS}
1005 newtheorem
1006 \newtheorem{NAME}{TEXT}[COUNTER] \newtheorem{NAME}[OLDNAME]{TEXT}
1007 This defines the environment NAME to be just as one would expect a
1008 theorem environment to be, except that it prints ``TEXT'' instead of
1009 ``Theorem''.
1011 If OLDNAME is given, then environments NAME and OLDNAME use the same
1012 counter, so using a NAME environment advances the number of the next
1013 NAME environment, and vice-versa.
1015 If COUNTER is given, then environment NAME is numbered within COUNTER.
1016 E.g., if COUNTER = subsection, then the first NAME in subsection 7.2
1017 is numbered TEXT 7.2.1.
1019 The way NAME environments are numbered can be changed by redefining
1020 \theNAME.
1022 title
1023 \title{TITLE}
1024 Define the title of the document.
1026 author
1027 \author{AUTHOR}
1028 Declare the author of the document.
1030 date
1031 \date{DATE}
1032 Define the date of document which is used by \maketitle.
1033 Omitting DATE produces current date.
1035 thanks
1036 \thanks{FOOTNOTE}
1037 Output a footnote in title page.
1039 maketitle
1040 \maketitle
1041 Output a title. Should be written in document environment.
1042 Here are the constituents of title page.
1043 \title{TITLE}
1044 \author{AUTHOR}
1045 \date{DATE} (If DATE omitted, output the date of typesetting)
1046 \thanks{NOTE} (Output a thanks message or the post of the author)
1048 part
1049 \part{TITLE}
1050 Start a new part whose title is TITLE.
1051 <refer chapter>
1053 chapter
1054 \chapter{TITLE}
1055 Start a chapter whose title is TITLE.
1056 Sectioning commands:
1057 \part Part ?
1058 \chapter Chapter ? (not available in `article.sty')
1059 \section ?
1060 \subsection ?.?
1061 \subsubsection ?.?.?
1062 \paragraph ***
1063 \subparagraph ===
1065 section
1066 \section{TITLE}
1067 Start a section whose title is TITLE.
1068 <refer chapter>
1070 subsection
1071 \subsection{TITLE}
1072 Start a subsection whose title is TITLE.
1073 <refer chapter>
1075 subsubsection
1076 \subsubsection{TITLE}
1077 Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE.
1078 <refer chapter>
1080 paragraph
1081 \paragraph{TITLE}
1082 Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE.
1083 <refer chapter
1085 subparagraph
1086 \subparagraph{TITLE}
1087 Start a subparagraph whose title is TITLE.
1088 <refer chapter>
1090 appendix
1091 \appendix
1092 Declare the beginning of appendix.
1093 Change the numbering fashion to appendix oriented.
1095 contentsline
1096 \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{PAGE}
1097 \contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22}
1098 Macro to produce a TYPE entry in a table of contents, etc.
1099 It will appear in the .TOC or other file. For example,
1100 The entry for subsection 1.4.3 in the table of contents might
1101 be produced by:
1102 \contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22}
1103 The \protect command causes command sequences to be written
1104 without expanding them.
1106 addcontentsline
1107 \addcontentsline{TABLE}{TYPE}{ENTRY}
1108 User command for adding his own entry to a table of contents, etc.
1109 It adds the entry
1110 \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{page}
1111 to the .TABLE file.
1113 addtocontents
1114 \addtocontents{TABLE}{TEXT}
1115 Adds TEXT to the .TABLE file, with no page number.
1117 index
1118 \index{INDEX}
1119 Create an entry of index.
1122 glossary
1123 \glossary{STRING}
1124 Create an entry of glossary.
1126 makeindex
1127 \makeindex
1128 Writes \indexentry to .idx file.
1129 Should be in preamble.
1131 makeglossary
1132 \makeglossary
1133 Writes \glossaryentry to .glo file.
1134 Should be in preamble.
1136 bibliography
1137 \bibliography{FILE1,FILE2, ... ,FILEn}
1138 Specifies the bibdata files.
1140 bibliographystyle
1141 \bibliographystyle{STYLE}
1142 Style of numbering of bibliographies.
1143 plain normal
1144 unsrt without sorting
1145 alpha gives tag like "Foo94"
1146 abbrv omit the first name of author, publishing month, book title
1148 thebibliography
1149 \begin{thebibliography} \bibitem{ITEM},... \end{thebibliography}
1150 The thebibliography environment is a list environment. To save the
1151 use of an extra counter, it should use enumiv as the item counter.
1152 Instead of using \item, items in the bibliography are produced by the
1153 \bibitem command.
1154 ---
1155 <refer bibitem>
1157 bibitem
1158 \bibitem{NAME} \bibitem[LABEL]{NAME}
1159 Produces a numbered (as [1], [2],...) entry cited as NAME.
1160 Second form produces an entry labeled by LABEL and cited as NAME.
1162 thefootnote
1163 In usual LaTeX style, produces the footnote number.
1164 If footnotes are to be numbered within pages, then the
1165 document style file must include an \@addtoreset command
1166 to cause the footnote counter to be reset when the page
1167 counter is stepped. This is not a good idea, though,
1168 because the counter will not always be reset in time
1169 to ensure that the first footnote on a page is footnote
1170 number one.
1172 footnote
1173 \footnote{NOTE} or \footnote[NUM]{NOTE}
1174 User command to insert a footnote.
1175 In second form, insert a footnote numbered
1176 NUM, where NUM is a number -- 1, 2,
1177 etc. For example, if footnotes are numbered
1178 *, **, etc. within pages, then \footnote[2]{...}
1179 produces footnote '**'. This command does not
1180 step the footnote counter.
1181 (fragile)
1183 footnotemark
1184 \footnotemark[NUM]
1185 Command to produce just the footnote mark in
1186 the text, but no footnote. With no argument,
1187 it steps the footnote counter before generating
1188 the mark.
1190 footnotetext
1191 \footnotetext[NUM]{TEXT}
1192 Command to produce the footnote but no mark.
1193 \footnote is equivalent to \footnotemark \footnotetext .
1195 footnotesize
1196 {\footnotesize ...}
1197 Size-changing command for footnotes.
1199 footnotesep
1200 \footnotesep
1201 The height of a strut placed at the beginning of every footnote.
1203 footnoterule
1204 \footnoterule
1205 Macro to draw the rule separating footnotes from text.
1206 It is executed right after a \vspace of \skip\footins.
1207 It should take zero vertical space--i.e., it should to
1208 a negative skip to compensate for any positive space
1209 it occupies. (See PLAIN.TEX.)
1211 documentstyle
1212 \documentstyle[OPTION1,OPTION2, ... ,OPTIONn]{STYLE}
1213 The user starts his file with the command as above
1214 which saves the OPTION's and \input's the file STYLE.STY.
1216 verb
1217 \verb#CONTENTS#
1218 The command \verb produces in-line verbatim text, where the argument
1219 is delimited by any pair of characters. E.g., \verb #...# takes
1220 '...' as its argument, and sets it verbatim in \tt font.
1222 The *-variants of these commands is the same, except that spaces
1223 print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces.
1225 styleparameter
1227 topfigrule
1228 \topfigrule
1229 Command to place rule (or whatever) between floats
1230 at top of page and text. Executed in inner vertical
1231 mode right before the \textfloatsep skip separating
1232 the floats from the text. Must occupy zero vertical
1233 space. (See \footnoterule.)
1235 botfigrule
1236 \setlength{\botfigrule}{LENGTH}
1237 Same as \topfigrule, but put after the \textfloatsep
1238 skip separating text from the floats at bottom of page.
1240 intextsep
1241 \setlength{\intextsep}{LENGTH}
1242 Space left on top and bottom of an in-text float.
1244 newpage
1245 \newpage
1246 Advance to a new page.
1247 \clearpage Output the unfinished table of images, if any,
1248 and clear page.
1249 \cleardoublepage Same as \clearpage except that when spread style
1250 (such as book), start a new page with odd page.
1251 \newpage Finish current column when twocolumn.
1253 clearpage
1254 \clearpage
1255 <refer newpage>
1257 cleardoublepage
1258 \cleardoublepage
1259 <refer newpage>
1261 length
1263 Here are the available units of length in TeX.
1264 cm centi meter
1265 em width of `M'
1266 ex height of `x'
1267 in inch (=2.54cm)
1268 mm mi.li meter
1269 pc pica(=12pt)
1270 pt point (72.27pt=1 inch)
1271 \fill Freely extendable length whose normal length is 0
1272 \stretch{X} X-times as long as \fill
1274 stretch
1275 \stretch{X}
1276 <refer length>
1278 twocolumn
1279 \twocolumn[STRING]
1280 Clear page and start two-column typesetting.
1281 Optional argument [STRING] specifies the page-acrossing title.
1282 ->onecolumn
1284 onecolumn
1285 \onecolumn
1286 Clear page and start one-column typesetting.
1287 ->twocolumn
1289 topnewpage
1290 \topnewpage{BOX}
1291 Begin a new page and create the parbox-ed BOX whose width is \textwidth.
1292 This is useful to make a page-acrossing title in a twocolumn page.
1294 YaTeX
1295 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist))
1296 The mode you are probably using now.
1297 Bells and whistles for using LaTeX at a breeze.
1299 [pronunciation]
1300 ``ya-tek'' for programs as yatex.el, ``ya-cho'' when referring to the
1301 whole system. ``ya-cho'' in Japanese stands for ``wild bird''
1304 yatex
1305 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist))
1306 <refer YaTeX>