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<div class="pre-content heading-holder"><ul id="page-actions" class="hlist jsonly"><li id="ca-edit" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled" title="Edit the lead section of this page."><a class="edit-page" href="#/editor/0" title="Edit the lead section of this page.">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-watch" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element icon-32px watch-this-article mw-ui-icon-watch view-border-box" title="Watch this page"><button>Watch this page</button></li></ul><h1 id="section_0">Burj Khalifa</h1></div><div id="bodyContent" class="content"><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mf-section-0"><div role="note" class="hatnote">"Burj Dubai" redirects here. It is not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bur_Dubai" title="Bur Dubai">Bur Dubai</a>, a district of Dubai.</div>
<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Burj Khalifa</th>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="nickname" lang="ar"><span lang="ar">برج خليفة</span></span></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_Khalifa.jpg" class="image view-border-box"><img alt="Burj Khalifa.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Burj_Khalifa.jpg/240px-Burj_Khalifa.jpg" width="240" height="420" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="3279" data-file-height="5740"></a>
<div style="text-align: center">Burj Khalifa in October 2012</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
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<div style="text-align: center">Burj Khalifa VR Experience</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><th scope="row">Former names</th>
<td class="nickname">Burj Dubai</td>
</tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed">Record height</th>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Tallest in the world since 2009<sup class="reference" id="ref_talleststatus"><a href="#endnote_talleststatus">[I]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Preceded by</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Taipei_101" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a></td>
</tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed">General information</th>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Type</th>
<td class="category"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use" title="Mixed-use" class="mw-redirect">Mixed-use</a></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Architectural style</th>
<td class="category"><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Location</th>
<td class="label">1 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Boulevard, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th>
<td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Burj_Khalifa&params=25_11_49.7_N_55_16_26.8_E_type:landmark_region:AE-DU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°11′49.7″N</span> <span class="longitude">55°16′26.8″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.197139°N 55.274111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.197139; 55.274111</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Burj_Khalifa&params=25_11_49.7_N_55_16_26.8_E_type:landmark_region:AE-DU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°11′49.7″N</span> <span class="longitude">55°16′26.8″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.197139°N 55.274111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.197139; 55.274111</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Construction started</span></th>
<td>6 January 2004</td>
</tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row">Completed</th>
<td>31 December 2009<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Opened</th>
<td>4 January 2010<sup id="cite_ref-opening_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opening-2">[2]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Cost</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/USD" title="USD" class="mw-redirect">USD $</a> 1.5 billion<sup id="cite_ref-USAtoday_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAtoday-3">[3]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed">Height</th>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Architectural</th>
<td>828 m (2,717 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Tip</th>
<td>829.8 m (2,722 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Roof</th>
<td>828 m (2,717 ft)</td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Top floor</th>
<td>584.5 m (1,918 ft) (Level 154)<sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Observatory</th>
<td>555.7 m (1,823 ft) (Level 148)<sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Material</th>
<td class="category">glass, steel, aluminum, reinforced concrete</td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Floor count</th>
<td>154 usable <a href="/wiki/Storey" title="Storey">floors</a><sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-5">[5]</a></sup><br>
plus 9 maintenance levels, 46 spire levels,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> and 2 below-ground parking levels</td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Floor area</th>
<td>309,473 m<sup>2</sup> (3,331,100 sq ft)<sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Lifts/elevators</th>
<td>57 (55 single deck and 2 double deck), made by <a href="/wiki/Otis_Elevator_Company" title="Otis Elevator Company">Otis Elevator Company</a></td>
</tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Architect</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(architect)" title="Adrian Smith (architect)">Adrian Smith</a> at SOM</td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Developer</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Emaar_Properties" title="Emaar Properties">Emaar Properties</a><sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Structural engineer</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/William_F._Baker_(engineer)" title="William F. Baker (engineer)">Bill Baker</a> at <a href="/wiki/Skidmore,_Owings_and_Merrill" title="Skidmore, Owings and Merrill" class="mw-redirect">SOM</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Main contractor</th>
<td>
<div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_C%26T_Corporation" title="Samsung C&T Corporation">Samsung C&T Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besix" title="Besix">Besix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabtec" title="Arabtec">Arabtec</a></li>
<li>Supervision Consultant Engineer & Architect of Record <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Consulting" title="Hyder Consulting">Hyder Consulting</a></li>
<li>Construction Project Manager <a href="/wiki/Turner_Construction" title="Turner Construction">Turner Construction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grocon" title="Grocon">Grocon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Contractors_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contractors-8">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li>Planning <a href="/wiki/Bauer_AG" title="Bauer AG" class="mw-redirect">Bauer AG</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_East_Foundations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle East Foundations (page does not exist)">Middle East Foundations</a><sup id="cite_ref-Contractors_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contractors-8">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li>Lift contractor <a href="/wiki/Otis_Elevator_Company" title="Otis Elevator Company">Otis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Contractors_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contractors-8">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li>VT consultant <a href="/wiki/Lerch_Bates" title="Lerch Bates">Lerch Bates</a><sup id="cite_ref-Contractors_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contractors-8">[8]</a></sup></li>
</ul></div>
</td>
</tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed">Website</th>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burjkhalifa.ae">www<wbr>.burjkhalifa<wbr>.ae</a></span></td>
</tr></tbody></table><p><b>Burj Khalifa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language" class="mw-redirect">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">برج خليفة</span>, Arabic for "<a href="/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Khalifa</a> Tower"; pronounced <span class="nowrap"><small>English</small> <span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/ 'ir' in 'bird'">ɜːr</span><span title="/dʒ/ 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span> <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/ long 'e' in 'seed'">iː</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>), known as <b>Burj Dubai</b> before its inauguration, is a <a href="/wiki/Megatall" title="Megatall" class="mw-redirect">megatall skyscraper</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_the_world" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in the world" class="mw-redirect">tallest structure in the world</a>, standing at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DubaiOneInauguration_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DubaiOneInauguration-9">[9]</a></sup></p>
<p>Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed in 2009. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Dubai" title="Downtown Dubai">Downtown Dubai</a>. It is designed to be the centerpiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. The decision to build the building is reportedly based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain international recognition. The building was named in honor of the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts. The building broke numerous height records.</p>
<p>Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith, then of <a href="/wiki/Skidmore,_Owings_and_Merrill_LLP" title="Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLP" class="mw-redirect">Skidmore, Owings and Merrill</a> (SOM), whose firm designed the <a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Willis Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One World Trade Center</a>. Hyder Consulting was chosen to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project. The design of Burj Khalifa is derived from patterning systems embodied in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a>, incorporating cultural and historical elements particular to the region, such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Samarra" title="Great Mosque of Samarra">spiral minaret</a>. The Y-shaped plan is designed for residential and hotel usage. A buttressed core structural system is used to support the height of the building, and the cladding system is designed to withstand Dubai's summer temperatures. A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators are installed with a capacity of 12 to 14 passengers per cabin.</p>
<p>Critical reception to Burj Khalifa has been generally positive, and the building has received many awards. However, the labor issues during construction were controversial, since the building was built primarily by workers from South and East Asia, who earned low wages and were reportedly housed in poor conditions.</p>
<p></p>
<div class="toc-mobile view-border-box"><h2 class="collapsible-heading" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="toc-collapsible-block-0"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-toc mw-ui-icon-element toc-button" title=""></div><span>Contents</span></h2>
<div class="collapsible-block" id="toc-collapsible-block-0" aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#Development">Development</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Conception">Conception</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#Records">Records</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#History_of_height_increases">History of height increases</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Delay">Delay</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Architecture_and_design">Architecture and design</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#Plumbing_systems">Plumbing systems</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Air_conditioning">Air conditioning</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Window_cleaning">Window cleaning</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Features">Features</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#The_Dubai_Fountain">The Dubai Fountain</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Observation_deck">Observation deck</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Burj_Khalifa_park">Burj Khalifa park</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Floor_plans">Floor plans</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Construction">Construction</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#Milestones">Milestones</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Real_estate_values">Real estate values</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Official_launch_ceremony">Official launch ceremony</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Reception">Reception</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#Awards">Awards</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#BASE_jumping">BASE jumping</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Climbing">Climbing</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Fatalities">Fatalities</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#In_popular_culture">In popular culture</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Fireworks_displays">Fireworks displays</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Labor_controversy">Labor controversy</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Gallery">Gallery</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#Construction_2">Construction</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#Photos">Photos</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#See_also">See also</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#References">References</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#External_links">External links</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
</div></div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-0"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Development">Development</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development" data-section="1" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-0" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<p>Construction began on 6 January 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-opening_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opening-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-10">[10]</a></sup> and is part of the new 2 km<sup>2</sup> (490-acre) development called <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Dubai" title="Downtown Dubai">Downtown Dubai</a> at the 'First Interchange' along <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Zayed_Road" title="Sheikh Zayed Road" class="mw-redirect">Sheikh Zayed Road</a>, near Dubai's main business district. The tower's architecture and engineering were performed by <a href="/wiki/Skidmore,_Owings_and_Merrill" title="Skidmore, Owings and Merrill" class="mw-redirect">Skidmore, Owings and Merrill</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(architect)" title="Adrian Smith (architect)">Adrian Smith</a> as chief architect, and <a href="/wiki/William_F._Baker_(engineer)" title="William F. Baker (engineer)">Bill Baker</a> as chief structural engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-Record_High_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Record_High-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> The primary contractor was <a href="/wiki/Samsung_C%26T" title="Samsung C&T" class="mw-redirect">Samsung C&T</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SkyscraperPage_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SkyscraperPage-13">[13]</a></sup> The tower's construction was done by the construction division of <a href="/wiki/Al_Ghurair_Investment" title="Al Ghurair Investment">Al Ghurair Investment</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></p>
</div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-1"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Conception">Conception</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conception" data-section="2" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-1" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<p>Burj Khalifa was designed to be the centerpiece of a large-scale, mixed-use development that would include 30,000 homes, nine hotels (including <a href="/wiki/The_Address_Downtown_Dubai" title="The Address Downtown Dubai">The Address Downtown Dubai</a>), 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of parkland, at least 19 residential towers, the <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Mall" title="Dubai Mall" class="mw-redirect">Dubai Mall</a>, and the 12-hectare (30-acre) man-made Burj Khalifa Lake. The decision to build Burj Khalifa is reportedly based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil based economy to one that is service and tourism based. According to officials, it is necessary for projects like Burj Khalifa to be built in the city to garner more international recognition, and hence investment. "He (Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum</a>) wanted to put Dubai on the map with something really sensational," said Jacqui Josephson, a tourism and VIP delegations executive at <a href="/wiki/Nakheel_Properties" title="Nakheel Properties">Nakheel Properties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> The tower was known as Burj Dubai ("Dubai Tower") until its official opening in January 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-name_change_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name_change-17">[17]</a></sup> It was renamed in honor of the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> and president of the United Arab Emirates, <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a>; Abu Dhabi and the federal government of UAE lent Dubai tens of billions of USD so that Dubai could pay its debts – Dubai borrowed at least $80 billion for construction projects.<sup id="cite_ref-name_change_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name_change-17">[17]</a></sup> In 2000s, Dubai started diversifying its economy but it suffered from an economic crisis in 2007–2010, leaving large scale projects already in construction abandoned.</p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Records">Records</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Records" data-section="3" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>Tallest existing structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously <a href="/wiki/KVLY-TV_mast" title="KVLY-TV mast">KVLY-TV mast</a> – 628.8 m or 2,063 ft)</li>
<li>Tallest structure ever built: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_radio_mast" title="Warsaw radio mast">Warsaw radio mast</a> – 646.38 m or 2,121 ft)</li>
<li>Tallest freestanding structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously <a href="/wiki/CN_Tower" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a> – 553.3 m or 1,815 ft)</li>
<li>Tallest skyscraper (to top of <a href="/wiki/Spire" title="Spire">spire</a>): 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously <a href="/wiki/Taipei_101" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a> – 509.2 m or 1,671 ft)</li>
<li>Tallest skyscraper to top of antenna: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously the <a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Willis (formerly Sears) Tower</a> – 527.3 m or 1,730 ft)</li>
<li>Building with most <a href="/wiki/Storey" title="Storey">floors</a>: 163 (previously <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973-2001)" title="World Trade Center (1973-2001)" class="mw-redirect">World Trade Center</a> – 110)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></li>
<li>Building with world's highest occupied floor: 584.5 m (1,918 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-Vanity_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanity-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-constweek_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constweek-20">[20]</a></sup></li>
<li>World's highest <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevator</a> installation (situated inside a rod at the very top of the building)<sup id="cite_ref-gn_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gn-21">[21]</a></sup></li>
<li>World's longest travel distance elevators: 504 m (1,654 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-gn_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gn-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Otis_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otis-22">[22]</a></sup></li>
<li>Highest vertical <a href="/wiki/Concrete_pump" title="Concrete pump">concrete pumping</a> (for a building): 606 m (1,988 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-Putzmeister_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putzmeister-23">[23]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_tallest_structures" title="World's tallest structures" class="mw-redirect">World's tallest structure</a> that includes residential space<sup id="cite_ref-Emporis_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emporis-24">[24]</a></sup></li>
<li>World's highest <a href="/wiki/Observation_deck" title="Observation deck">observation deck</a>: 148th floor at 555 m (1,821 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-bus-insider_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bus-insider-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-at_the_top_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at_the_top-26">[26]</a></sup></li>
<li>World's highest outdoor <a href="/wiki/Observation_deck" title="Observation deck">observation deck</a>: 124th floor at 452 m (1,483 ft)</li>
<li>World's highest installation of an <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> and glass façade: 512 m (1,680 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li>World's highest <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a>: 144th floor</li>
<li>World's highest <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurant</a> (<i>At.mosphere</i>): 122nd floor at 442 m (1,450 ft) (previously <i>360</i>, at a height of 350 m (1,148 ft) in CN Tower)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup></li>
<li>World's highest <a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a> display of <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-30">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li>World's second highest <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">swimming pool</a>: 76th floor<sup id="cite_ref-Mosque_and_pool_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosque_and_pool-31">[31]</a></sup> (world's highest swimming pool is located on 118th floor of Ritz-Carlton Hotel at <a href="/wiki/International_Commerce_Centre" title="International Commerce Centre">International Commerce Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>).</li>
</ul><h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="History_of_height_increases">History of height increases</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History of height increases" data-section="4" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
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Burj Khalifa compared with some other well-known tall structures</div>
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<p>There are unconfirmed reports of several planned height increases since its inception. Originally proposed as a virtual clone of the 560 m (1,837 ft) <a href="/wiki/Grollo_Tower" title="Grollo Tower">Grollo Tower</a> proposal for Melbourne, Australia's <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Docklands" title="Melbourne Docklands" class="mw-redirect">Docklands waterfront development</a>, the tower was redesigned by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Strabala" title="Marshall Strabala">Marshall Strabala</a>, an SOM architect who worked on the project until 2006, in late 2008 said that Burj Khalifa was designed to be 808 m (2,651 ft) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-Height_Revealed_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Height_Revealed-33">[33]</a></sup></p>
<p>The design architect, Adrian Smith, felt that the uppermost section of the building did not culminate elegantly with the rest of the structure, so he sought and received approval to increase it to the current height.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It has been explicitly stated that this change did not include any added floors, which is fitting with Smith's attempts to make the crown more slender.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Delay">Delay</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Delay" data-section="5" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/Emaar_Properties" title="Emaar Properties">Emaar Properties</a> announced on 9 June 2008 that construction of Burj Khalifa was delayed by upgraded finishes and would be completed only in September 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Emaar20080617_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emaar20080617-35">[35]</a></sup> An Emaar spokesperson said "The luxury finishes that were decided on in 2004, when the tower was initially conceptualized, is now being replaced by upgraded finishes. The design of the apartments has also been enhanced to make them more aesthetically attractive and functionally superior."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> A revised completion date of 2 December 2009 was then announced.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> However, Burj Khalifa was opened on 4 January 2010, more than a month later.<sup id="cite_ref-opening_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opening-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-10">[10]</a></sup></p>
</div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-2"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Architecture_and_design">Architecture and design</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Architecture and design" data-section="6" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-2" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
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Cross-section comparisons of various towers. From top to bottom: Burj Khalifa, Taipei 101, Willis Tower, World Trade Center.</div>
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<p>The tower was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), who also designed the <a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Willis Tower</a> (formerly the Sears Tower) in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and the new <a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One World Trade Center</a> in New York City. Burj Khalifa uses the bundled <a href="/wiki/Tube_(structure)" title="Tube (structure)">tube</a> design of the <a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Willis Tower</a>, invented by <a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Khan" title="Fazlur Rahman Khan">Fazlur Rahman Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-constructionweekonline.com_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constructionweekonline.com-38">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> Proportionally, the design uses half the amount of steel used in the construction of the Empire State Building thanks to the tubular system.<sup id="cite_ref-constructionweekonline.com_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constructionweekonline.com-38">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> Its design is reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>'s vision for <a href="/wiki/The_Illinois" title="The Illinois">The Illinois</a>, a mile high skyscraper designed for Chicago. According to Marshall Strabala, a SOM architect who worked on the building's design team, Burj Khalifa was designed based on the 73 floor <a href="/wiki/Tower_Palace_Three_Tower" title="Tower Palace Three Tower" class="mw-redirect">Tower Palace Three</a>, an all residential building in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>. In its early planning, Burj Khalifa was intended to be entirely residential.<sup id="cite_ref-Height_Revealed_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Height_Revealed-33">[33]</a></sup></p>
<p>Subsequent to the original design by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, Emaar Properties chose Hyder Consulting to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyder1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyder1-41">[41]</a></sup> Hyder was selected for its expertise in structural and <a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineering#Mechanical.2C_electrical.2C_and_plumbing_.28MEP.29" title="Architectural engineering">MEP</a> (mechanical, electrical and plumbing) engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyder2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyder2-42">[42]</a></sup> Hyder Consulting's role was to supervise construction, certify SOM's design, and be the engineer and architect of record to the UAE authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyder1_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyder1-41">[41]</a></sup> NORR's role was the supervision of all architectural components including on site supervision during construction and design of a 6-storey addition to the Office Annex Building for architectural documentation. NORR was also responsible for the architectural integration drawings for the Armani Hotel included in the Tower. Emaar Properties also engaged <a href="/wiki/GHD_Group" title="GHD Group">GHD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GHD_Projects_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GHD_Projects-43">[43]</a></sup> an international multidisciplinary consulting firm, to act as an independent verification and testing authority for concrete and steelwork.</p>
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The spiral minaret at the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Samarra" title="Great Mosque of Samarra">Great Mosque of Samarra</a></div>
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<p>The design of Burj Khalifa is derived from patterning systems embodied in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gn_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gn-21">[21]</a></sup> According to the structural engineer, Bill Baker of SOM, the building's design incorporates cultural and historical elements particular to the region such as the spiral minaret. The spiral minaret spirals and grows slender as it rises.<sup id="cite_ref-monument_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monument-44">[44]</a></sup> The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light.<sup id="cite_ref-gn_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gn-21">[21]</a></sup> As the tower rises from the flat desert base, there are 27 <a href="/wiki/Setback_(architecture)" title="Setback (architecture)">setbacks</a> in a spiralling pattern, decreasing the cross section of the tower as it reaches toward the sky and creating convenient outdoor terraces. At the top, the central core emerges and is sculpted to form a finishing spire. At its tallest point, the tower sways a total of 1.5 m (4.9 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup></p>
<p>As part of a study which reveals the unnecessary "vanity space" added to the top of the world's tallest buildings by the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat" title="Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat">Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat</a> (CTBUH), it was revealed that without its 244-metre spire, the 828-metre Burj Khalifa would drop to a substantially smaller 585-metre height without any reduction in usable space. As the report states, the spire "could be a skyscraper on its own".<sup id="cite_ref-Vanity_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanity-19">[19]</a></sup></p>
<p>To support the unprecedented height of the building, the engineers developed a new structural system called the buttressed core, which consists of a hexagonal core reinforced by three buttresses that form the ‘Y' shape. This structural system enables the building to support itself laterally and keeps it from twisting.<sup id="cite_ref-gn_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gn-21">[21]</a></sup></p>
<p>The spire of Burj Khalifa is composed of more than 4,000 tonnes (4,400 short tons; 3,900 long tons) of structural steel. The central pinnacle pipe weighing 350 tonnes (390 short tons; 340 long tons) was constructed from inside the building and jacked to its full height of over 200 m (660 ft) using a <a href="/wiki/Strand_jack" title="Strand jack">strand jack</a> system. The spire also houses communications equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-46">[46]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 2009, architects announced that more than 1,000 pieces of art would adorn the interiors of Burj Khalifa, while the residential lobby of Burj Khalifa would display the work of <a href="/wiki/Jaume_Plensa" title="Jaume Plensa">Jaume Plensa</a>, featuring 196 <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> alloy cymbals representing the 196 countries of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> It was planned that the visitors in this lobby would be able to hear a distinct timbre as the cymbals, plated with 18-carat gold, are struck by dripping water, intended to mimic the sound of water falling on leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup></p>
<p>The cladding system is designed to withstand Dubai's extreme summer temperatures, and consists of 142,000 m<sup>2</sup> (1,528,000 sq ft) of reflective <a href="/wiki/Glazing_(window)" title="Glazing (window)">glazing</a>, and aluminium and textured <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> <a href="/wiki/Spandrel" title="Spandrel">spandrel</a> panels with vertical tubular fins. Over 26,000 glass panels were used in the exterior cladding of Burj Khalifa, and more than 300 cladding specialists from China were brought in for the cladding work on the tower.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-46">[46]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Architectural_glass" title="Architectural glass">architectural glass</a> provides solar and thermal performance as well as an anti-glare shield for the intense desert sun, extreme desert temperatures and strong winds. In total the glass covers more than 174,000 m<sup>2</sup> (1,870,000 sq ft)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</p>
<p>The exterior temperature at the top of the building is thought to be 6 °C (11 °F) cooler than at its base.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup></p>
<p>A 304-room Armani Hotel, the first of four by <a href="/wiki/Armani" title="Armani">Armani</a>, occupies 15 of the lower 39 floors.<sup id="cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUHdb-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> The hotel was supposed to open on 18 March 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> but after several delays, it finally opened to the public on 27 April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> The corporate suites and offices were also supposed to open from March onwards,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> yet the hotel and observation deck remained the only parts of the building which were open in April 2010.</p>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Sky_lobby" title="Sky lobby">sky lobbies</a> on the 43rd and 76th floors house swimming pools.<sup id="cite_ref-residents_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-residents-55">[55]</a></sup> Floors through to 108 have 900 private residential <a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">apartments</a> (which, according to the developer, sold out within eight hours of being on the market). An outdoor <a href="/wiki/Zero-entry_swimming_pool" title="Zero-entry swimming pool" class="mw-redirect">zero-entry swimming pool</a> is located on the 76th floor of the tower. Corporate offices and suites fill most of the remaining floors, except for a 122nd, 123rd and 124th floor where the <i>At.mosphere</i> restaurant, sky lobby and an indoor and outdoor observation deck is located respectively. In January 2010, it was planned that Burj Khalifa would receive its first residents from February 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-residents_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-residents-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup></p>
<p>A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators are installed.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-46">[46]</a></sup> The elevators have a capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin, the fastest rising and descending at up to 10 m/s (33 ft/s) for double-deck elevators. However, the world's fastest single-deck elevator still belongs to <a href="/wiki/Taipei_101" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a> at 16.83 m/s (55.2 ft/s). Engineers had considered installing the world's first triple-deck elevators, but the final design calls for <a href="/wiki/Double-deck_elevator" title="Double-deck elevator">double-deck elevators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Emporis_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emporis-24">[24]</a></sup> The double-deck elevators are equipped with entertainment features such as LCD displays to serve visitors during their travel to the observation deck.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> The building has 2,909 stairs from the ground floor to the 160th floor.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup></p>
<p>The graphic design identity work for Burj Khalifa is the responsibility of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brash_Brands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brash Brands (page does not exist)">Brash Brands</a>, who are based in Dubai. Design of the global launch events, communications, and visitors centers<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> for Burj Khalifa have also been created by Brash Brands as well as the roadshow exhibition for the <a href="/wiki/Armani" title="Armani">Armani</a> Residences, which are part of the Armani Hotel within Burj Khalifa, which toured Milan, London, Jeddah, Moscow and Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Plumbing_systems">Plumbing systems</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Plumbing systems" data-section="7" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>The Burj Khalifa's water system supplies an average of 946,000 L (250,000 U.S. gal) of water per day through 100 km (62 mi) of pipes.<sup id="cite_ref-gn_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gn-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wharton_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wharton-61">[61]</a></sup> An additional 213 km (132 mi) of piping serves the fire emergency system, and 34 km (21 mi) supplies chilled water for the air conditioning system.<sup id="cite_ref-Wharton_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wharton-61">[61]</a></sup> The waste water system uses gravity to discharge water from plumbing fixtures, floor drains, mechanical equipment and storm water, to the city municipal sewer.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Air_conditioning">Air conditioning</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Air conditioning" data-section="8" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>The air conditioning has been provided by <a href="/wiki/Voltas" title="Voltas">Voltas</a>. The air conditioning system draws air from the upper floors where the air is cooler and cleaner than on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> At peak cooling times, the tower's cooling is equivalent to that provided by 13,000 short tons (26,000,000 lb) of melting ice in one day,<sup id="cite_ref-Wharton_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wharton-61">[61]</a></sup> or about 46 MW.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The condensate collection system, which uses the hot and humid outside air, combined with the cooling requirements of the building, results in a significant amount of condensation of moisture from the air. The condensed water is collected and drained into a holding tank located in the basement car park; this water is then pumped into the site irrigation system for use on the Burj Khalifa park.<sup id="cite_ref-gn_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gn-21">[21]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Window_cleaning">Window cleaning</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Window cleaning" data-section="9" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>To wash the 24,348 windows, totaling 120,000 m<sup>2</sup> (1,290,000 sq ft) of glass, a horizontal track has been installed on the exterior of Burj Khalifa at levels 40, 73, and 109. Each track holds a 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) bucket machine which moves horizontally and then vertically using heavy cables. Above level 109, up to tier 27 traditional cradles from <a href="/wiki/Davit" title="Davit">davits</a> are used. The top of the spire, however, is reserved for specialist window cleaners, who brave the heights and high winds, dangling on ropes to clean and inspect the top of the pinnacle.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup> Under normal conditions, when all building maintenance units will be operational, it will take 36 workers three to four months to clean the entire exterior façade.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cleaning_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cleaning-66">[66]</a></sup></p>
<p>Unmanned machines will clean the top 27 additional tiers and the glass spire. The cleaning system was developed in Melbourne, Australia at a cost of <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">A$</a>8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-cleaning_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cleaning-66">[66]</a></sup> The contract for building the state-of-the-art machines was won by Australian company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cox_Gomyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cox Gomyl (page does not exist)">Cox Gomyl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraphwindowcleaning_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraphwindowcleaning-67">[67]</a></sup></p>
</div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-3"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Features">Features</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Features" data-section="10" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-3" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Dubai_Fountain">The Dubai Fountain</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Dubai Fountain" data-section="11" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
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<a href="/wiki/The_Dubai_Fountain" title="The Dubai Fountain">The Dubai Fountain</a></div>
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<div role="note" class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Dubai_Fountain" title="The Dubai Fountain">The Dubai Fountain</a></div>
<p>Outside, <a href="/wiki/WET_Enterprises" title="WET Enterprises" class="mw-redirect">WET Enterprises</a> designed a fountain system at a cost of Dh 800 million (US$217 million). Illuminated by 6,600 lights and 50 coloured projectors, it is 270 m (900 ft) long and shoots water 150 m (500 ft) into the air, accompanied by a range of classical to contemporary Arabic and world music.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> On 26 October 2008, Emaar announced that based on results of a naming contest the fountain would be called the Dubai Fountain.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Observation_deck">Observation deck</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Observation deck" data-section="12" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
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View of <a href="/wiki/The_Dubai_Fountain" title="The Dubai Fountain">The Dubai Fountain</a> from the observation deck</div>
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View from the observation deck</div>
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<p>An outdoor <a href="/wiki/Observation_deck" title="Observation deck">observation deck</a>, named <i>At the Top</i>, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor. At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest observation deck in the world and the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup> Although it was surpassed in December 2011 by <i>Cloud Top 488</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a> at 488 m (1,601 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-GZI_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GZI-71">[71]</a></sup> Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving it the highest observation deck in the world on 15 October 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-bus-insider_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bus-insider-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-at_the_top_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at_the_top-26">[26]</a></sup> The 124th floor observation deck also features the Tellscope electronic telescope, an <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> device developed by <a href="/wiki/Gsmprjct%C2%B0" title="Gsmprjct°">gsmprjct°</a> of <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal" class="mw-redirect">Montréal</a>, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at different times of day or under different weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-gsm_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsm-72">[72]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gsm2_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsm2-73">[73]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup> To manage the daily rush of sightseers, visitors are able to purchase tickets in advance for a specific date and time and at a 75% discount over tickets purchased on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup></p>
<p>On 8 February 2010, the observation deck was closed to the public after power-supply problems caused an elevator to become stuck between floors, trapping a group of tourists for 45 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup> Despite rumours of the observation deck reopening for <a href="/wiki/St._Valentine%27s_Day" title="St. Valentine's Day" class="mw-redirect">St. Valentine's Day</a> (14 February),<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup> it remained closed until 4 April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup> During low tides and clearness, people can see the shores of Iran from the top of the skyscraper.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Burj_Khalifa_park">Burj Khalifa park</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Burj Khalifa park" data-section="13" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 ha (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA Group.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> The design of the park is also inspired by the core design concepts of Burj Khalifa which is based on the symmetries of the desert flower, <i><a href="/wiki/Hymenocallis" title="Hymenocallis">Hymenocallis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> The park has six water features, gardens, palm lined walkways, and flowering trees.<sup id="cite_ref-park-ab_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-ab-85">[85]</a></sup> At the centre of the park and the base of Burj Khalifa is the water room, which is a series of pools and water jet fountains. In addition the railing, benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the <i>Hymenocallis</i> flower.</p>
<p>The plants and the <a href="/wiki/Shrubbery" title="Shrubbery">shrubbery</a> will be watered by the buildings's condensation collection system that uses water from the cooling system. The system will provide 68,000,000 L (15,000,000 imp gal) annually.<sup id="cite_ref-park-ab_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-ab-85">[85]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/WET_Enterprises" title="WET Enterprises" class="mw-redirect">WET Enterprises</a>, who also developed the <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Fountain" title="Dubai Fountain" class="mw-redirect">Dubai Fountain</a>, developed the park's six water features.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Floor_plans">Floor plans</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Floor plans" data-section="14" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>The following is a breakdown of floors.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></sup></p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"><tbody><tr><th>Floors</th>
<th>Use</th>
<td rowspan="29">
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<td rowspan="29" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_Khalifa_floors.svg" class="image view-border-box" title="100%"><img alt="100%" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Burj_Khalifa_floors.svg/512px-Burj_Khalifa_floors.svg.png" width="512" height="512" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a>
<p>Dimetric projection with floors colour-coded by function<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup></p>
</td>
</tr><tr><td>160–163</td>
<td style="background:#ccc;">Mechanical</td>
</tr><tr><td>156–159</td>
<td style="background:#ffc;">Communication and broadcast</td>
</tr><tr><td>155</td>
<td style="background:#ccc;">Mechanical</td>
</tr><tr><td>149–154</td>
<td style="background:#ccf;">Corporate suites</td>
</tr><tr><td>148</td>
<td style="background:#fcf;"><a href="#Observation_deck"><i>The New Deck</i> observatory</a></td>
</tr><tr><td>139–147</td>
<td style="background:#ccf;">Corporate suites</td>
</tr><tr><td>136–138</td>
<td style="background:#ccc;">Mechanical</td>
</tr><tr><td>125–135</td>
<td style="background:#ccf;">Corporate suites</td>
</tr><tr><td>124</td>
<td style="background:#fcf;"><a href="#Observation_deck"><i>At the Top</i> observatory</a></td>
</tr><tr><td>123</td>
<td style="background:#fff;"><a href="/wiki/Sky_lobby" title="Sky lobby">Sky lobby</a></td>
</tr><tr><td>122</td>
<td style="background:#fcc;"><i>At.mosphere</i> restaurant</td>
</tr><tr><td>111–121</td>
<td style="background:#ccf;">Corporate suites</td>
</tr><tr><td>109–110</td>
<td style="background:#ccc;">Mechanical</td>
</tr><tr><td>77–108</td>
<td style="background:#cfc;">Residential</td>
</tr><tr><td>76</td>
<td style="background:#fff;">Sky lobby</td>
</tr><tr><td>73–75</td>
<td style="background:#ccc;">Mechanical</td>
</tr><tr><td>44–72</td>
<td style="background:#cfc;">Residential</td>
</tr><tr><td>43</td>
<td style="background:#fff;">Sky lobby</td>
</tr><tr><td>40–42</td>
<td style="background:#ccc;">Mechanical</td>
</tr><tr><td>38–39</td>
<td style="background:#cff;"><a href="/wiki/Armani_Hotels_and_Resorts" title="Armani Hotels and Resorts" class="mw-redirect">Armani Hotel suites</a></td>
</tr><tr><td>19–37</td>
<td style="background:#cfc;">Residential</td>
</tr><tr><td>17–18</td>
<td style="background:#ccc;">Mechanical</td>
</tr><tr><td>9–16</td>
<td style="background:#cfc;">Armani Residences</td>
</tr><tr><td>1–8</td>
<td style="background:#cff;">Armani Hotel</td>
</tr><tr><td>Ground</td>
<td style="background:#cff;">Armani Hotel</td>
</tr><tr><td>Concourse</td>
<td style="background:#cff;">Armani Hotel</td>
</tr><tr><td>B1–B2</td>
<td style="background:#ccc;">Parking, mechanical</td>
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Aerial closeup of Burj Khalifa under construction in March 2008</div>
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<p>The tower was constructed by Samsung C&T <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, which also did work on the <a href="/wiki/Petronas_Twin_Towers" title="Petronas Twin Towers" class="mw-redirect">Petronas Twin Towers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taipei_101" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Samsung_E.26C_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samsung_E.26C-89">[89]</a></sup> Samsung C&T built the tower in a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Besix" title="Besix">Besix</a> from <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and Arabtec from UAE. <a href="/wiki/Turner_Construction_Company" title="Turner Construction Company" class="mw-redirect">Turner</a> is the Project Manager on the main construction contract.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup></p>
<p>Under UAE law, the Contractor and the Engineer of Record, <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Consulting" title="Hyder Consulting">Hyder Consulting</a> (manual structural analysis professionals which used Flash Analysis authored by Allen Wright), is <a href="/wiki/Severally_liable#Joint_and_several_liability" title="Severally liable" class="mw-redirect">jointly and severally liable</a> for the performance of Burj Khalifa.</p>
<p>The primary structure is reinforced concrete. <a href="/wiki/Putzmeister" title="Putzmeister">Putzmeister</a> created a new, super high-pressure trailer <a href="/wiki/Concrete_pump" title="Concrete pump">concrete pump</a>, the BSA 14000 SHP-D, for this project.<sup id="cite_ref-Putzmeister_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putzmeister-23">[23]</a></sup> Burj Khalifa's construction used 330,000 m<sup>3</sup> (431,600 cu yd) of concrete and 55,000 tonnes (61,000 short tons; 54,000 long tons) of steel <a href="/wiki/Rebar" title="Rebar">rebar</a>, and construction took 22 million man-hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Record_High_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Record_High-11">[11]</a></sup> In May 2008 Putzmeister pumped concrete with more than 21 MPA ultimate compressive strength of gravel that would surpass the 600 meters weight of the effective area of each column from the foundation to the next fourth level, and the rest is by metal columns <i>jacketed</i> or <i>covered</i> with concreted to a then world record delivery height of 606 m (1,988 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-Putzmeister_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putzmeister-23">[23]</a></sup> the 156th floor. Three <a href="/wiki/Tower_crane" title="Tower crane" class="mw-redirect">tower cranes</a> were used during construction of the uppermost levels, each capable of lifting a 25-tonne load.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup> The remaining structure above is constructed of lighter steel.</p>
<p>Over 45,000 m<sup>3</sup> (58,900 cu yd) of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> (120,000 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>; 110,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>) were used to construct the concrete and steel foundation, which features 192 piles; each pile is 1.5 metre diameter x 43 m long, buried more than 50 m (164 ft) deep.<sup id="cite_ref-Emporis_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emporis-24">[24]</a></sup> The foundation is designed to support the total building weight of approximately 450,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> (500,000 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>; 440,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>) 4,500 MegaNewtons or 4,500 MegaPascal. This weight is then divided by the compressive strength of concrete of which is 30 MPa which yield a 450 sq.meters of vertical normal effective area which then yield to a 12 meters by 12 meters dimensions.<sup id="cite_ref-VanHamptonApril2008_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanHamptonApril2008-92">[92]</a></sup> A high density, low <a href="/wiki/Permeability_(earth_sciences)" title="Permeability (earth sciences)">permeability</a> concrete was used in the foundations of Burj Khalifa in which Ultimate Compressive Strenght reach as much as 30 MPa, an effective area in which concrete is sandwiched by the pile and the column is 12meters by 12meters and thickness as least as possible. A <a href="/wiki/Cathodic_protection" title="Cathodic protection">cathodic protection</a> system under the mat is used to minimize any detrimental effects from corrosive chemicals in local ground water.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-46">[46]</a></sup></p>
<p>Burj Khalifa is highly compartmentalised. Pressurized, air-conditioned refuge floors are located approximately every 35 floors where people can shelter on their long walk down to safety in case of an emergency or fire.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_46-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup></p>
<p>Special mixes of concrete are made to withstand the extreme pressures of the massive building weight; as is typical with reinforced concrete construction, each batch of concrete used was tested to ensure it could withstand certain pressures. <a href="/wiki/CTLGroup" title="CTLGroup">CTLGroup</a>, working for SOM, conducted the creep and shrinkage testing critical for the structural analysis of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup></p>
<p>The consistency of the concrete used in the project was essential. It was difficult to create a concrete that could withstand both the thousands of tonnes bearing down on it and <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> temperatures that can reach 50 °C (122 °F). To combat this problem, the concrete was not poured during the day. Instead, during the summer months ice was added to the mixture and it was poured at night when the air is cooler and the humidity is higher. A cooler concrete mixture cures evenly throughout and is therefore less likely to set too quickly and crack. Any significant cracks could have put the entire project in jeopardy.</p>
<p>The unique design and engineering challenges of building Burj Khalifa have been featured in a number of television documentaries, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Big,_Bigger,_Biggest" title="Big, Bigger, Biggest">Big, Bigger, Biggest</a></i> series on the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Five_(TV_channel)" title="Five (TV channel)" class="mw-redirect">Five</a> channels, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Mega_Builders" title="Mega Builders">Mega Builders</a></i> series on the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a>.</p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Milestones">Milestones</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Milestones" data-section="16" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
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Burj Khalifa and skyline of Dubai, 2010</div>
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<ul><li>January 2004: Excavation commences.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li>February 2004: Piling starts.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li>21 September 2004: Emaar contractors begin construction.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup></li>
<li>March 2005: Structure of Burj Khalifa starts rising.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li>June 2006: Level 50 is reached.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li>February 2007: Surpasses the <a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Sears Tower</a> as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_with_100_floors_or_more" title="List of buildings with 100 floors or more">building with the most floors</a>.</li>
<li>13 May 2007: Sets record for vertical <a href="/wiki/Concrete_pump" title="Concrete pump">concrete pumping</a> on any building at 452 m (1,483 ft), surpassing the 449.2 m (1,474 ft) to which concrete was pumped during the construction of <a href="/wiki/Taipei_101" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a>, while Burj Khalifa reached the 130th floor.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup></li>
<li>21 July 2007: Surpasses Taipei 101, whose height of 509.2 m (1,671 ft) made it the world's tallest building, and level 141 reached.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-official_site_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_site-97">[97]</a></sup></li>
<li>12 August 2007: Surpasses the Sears Tower antenna, which stands 527.3 m (1,730 ft).</li>
<li>12 September 2007: At 555.3 m (1,822 ft), becomes the world's tallest freestanding structure, surpassing the <a href="/wiki/CN_Tower" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, and level 150 reached.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBC_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC-98">[98]</a></sup></li>
<li>7 April 2008: At 629 m (2,064 ft), surpasses the <a href="/wiki/KVLY-TV_mast" title="KVLY-TV mast">KVLY-TV Mast</a> to become the tallest man-made structure, level 160 reached.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_27-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Emaar20080407_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emaar20080407-99">[99]</a></sup></li>
<li>17 June 2008: Emaar announces that Burj Khalifa's height is over 636 m (2,087 ft) and that its final height will not be given until it is completed in September 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Emaar20080617_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emaar20080617-35">[35]</a></sup></li>
<li>1 September 2008: Height tops 688 m (2,257 ft), making it the tallest man-made structure ever built, surpassing the previous record-holder, the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Radio_Mast" title="Warsaw Radio Mast" class="mw-redirect">Warsaw Radio Mast</a> in <a href="/wiki/Konstantyn%C3%B3w_(P%C5%82ock_County)" title="Konstantynów (Płock County)" class="mw-redirect">Konstantynów</a>, Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup></li>
<li>17 January 2009: <a href="/wiki/Topped_out" title="Topped out" class="mw-redirect">Topped out</a> at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Biz24720090117_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biz24720090117-101">[101]</a></sup></li>
<li>1 October 2009: Emaar announces that the exterior of the building is completed.<sup id="cite_ref-Maktoob20091001_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maktoob20091001-102">[102]</a></sup></li>
<li>4 January 2010: Burj Khalifa's official launch ceremony is held and Burj Khalifa is opened. Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa in honour of the President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DubaiOneInauguration_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DubaiOneInauguration-9">[9]</a></sup></li>
<li>10 March 2010 <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat" title="Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat">Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat</a> (CTBUH) certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building.<sup id="cite_ref-CTBUH_WorldsTallest_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTBUH_WorldsTallest-103">[103]</a></sup></li>
</ul><h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Real_estate_values">Real estate values</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Real estate values" data-section="17" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>In March 2009, <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ali_Alabbar" title="Mohamed Ali Alabbar" class="mw-redirect">Mohamed Ali Alabbar</a>, chairman of the project's developer, <a href="/wiki/Emaar_Properties" title="Emaar Properties">Emaar Properties</a>, said office space pricing at Burj Khalifa reached US$4,000 per sq ft (over US$43,000 per m²) and the <a href="/wiki/Armani_Residences" title="Armani Residences" class="mw-redirect">Armani Residences</a>, also in Burj Khalifa, sold for US$3,500 per sq ft (over US$37,500 per m²).<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup> He estimated the total cost for the project to be about US$1.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-USAtoday_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAtoday-3">[3]</a></sup></p>
<p>The project's completion coincided with the global <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932012" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2012" class="mw-redirect">financial crisis of 2007–2012</a>, and with vast overbuilding in the country; this led to high vacancies and foreclosures.<sup id="cite_ref-monument_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monument-44">[44]</a></sup> With Dubai mired in debt from its huge ambitions, the government was forced to seek multibillion dollar bailouts from its oil-rich neighbor <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>. Subsequently, in a surprise move at its opening ceremony, the tower was renamed Burj Khalifa, said to honour the UAE President <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a> for his crucial support.<sup id="cite_ref-DubaiOneInauguration_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DubaiOneInauguration-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup></p>
<p>Because of the <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_bubble" title="Real estate bubble">slumping demand</a> in Dubai's property market, the rents in the Burj Khalifa plummeted 40% some ten months after its opening. Out of 900 apartments in the tower, 825 were still empty at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup> However, over the next two and a half years, overseas investors steadily began to purchase the available apartments and office space in Burj Khalifa.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></sup> By October 2012, Emaar reported that around 80% of the apartments were occupied.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Official_launch_ceremony">Official launch ceremony</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Official launch ceremony" data-section="18" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
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The opening ceremony of Burj Khalifa</div>
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<p>The opening of Burj Khalifa was held on 4 January 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup> The ceremony featured a display of 10,000 fireworks, light beams projected on and around the tower, and further sound, light and water effects.<sup id="cite_ref-details_revealed_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-details_revealed-111">[111]</a></sup> The celebratory lighting was designed by UK lighting designers <a href="/wiki/Speirs_and_Major_Associates" title="Speirs and Major Associates">Speirs and Major</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup> Using the 868 powerful <a href="/wiki/Stroboscope" title="Stroboscope">stroboscope</a> lights that are integrated into the façade and spire of the tower, different lighting sequences were choreographed, together with more than 50 different combinations of the other effects.</p>
<p>The event began with a short film which depicted the story of <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> and the evolution of Burj Khalifa. The displays of sound, light, water and fireworks followed.<sup id="cite_ref-details_revealed_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-details_revealed-111">[111]</a></sup> The portion of the show consisting of the various pyrotechnic, lighting, water and sound effects was divided into three. The first part was primarily a light and sound show, which took as its theme the link between desert flowers and the new tower, and was co-ordinated with the <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Fountain" title="Dubai Fountain" class="mw-redirect">Dubai Fountain</a> and pyrotechnics. The second portion, called 'Heart Beat', represented the construction of the tower in a dynamic light show with the help of 300 projectors which generated a shadow-like image of the tower. In the third act, sky tracers and space cannons enveloped the tower in a halo of white light, which expanded as the lighting rig on the spire activated.<sup id="cite_ref-details_revealed_111-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-details_revealed-111">[111]</a></sup></p>
<p>The ceremony was relayed live on a giant screen on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Park_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burj Park Island (page does not exist)">Burj Park Island</a>, as well as several television screens placed across the Downtown Dubai development. Hundreds of media outlets from around the world reported live from the scene.<sup id="cite_ref-details_revealed_111-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-details_revealed-111">[111]</a></sup> In addition to the media presence, 6,000 guests were expected.<sup id="cite_ref-billions_and_billions_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billions_and_billions-113">[113]</a></sup></p>
</div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-5"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Reception" data-section="19" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-5" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Awards">Awards</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Awards" data-section="20" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>In June 2010, Burj Khalifa was the recipient of the 2010 "Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa" award by the CTBUH.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></sup> On 28 September 2010 Burj Khalifa won the award for best project of year at the Middle East Architect Awards 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></sup></p>
<p>A new award was bestowed on the Burj Khalifa by the CTBUH at its annual "Best Tall Buildings Awards Ceremony" on 25 October 2010 when the building was honored as first recipient of CTBUH’s new Tall Building "Global Icon" Award. According to the CTBUH the new "Global Icon" award recognizes those very special supertall skyscrapers that make a profound impact, not only on the local or regional context, but on the genre of tall buildings globally. Which is innovative in planning, design and execution, the building must have influenced and reshaped the field of tall building architecture, engineering, and urban planning. It is intended that the award will only be conferred on an occasional basis, when merited by an exceptional project perhaps every ten or fifteen years.<sup id="cite_ref-ctbuh.org_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctbuh.org-116">[116]</a></sup></p>
<p>CTBUH Awards Chair Gordon Gill, of <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_%2B_Gordon_Gill_Architecture" title="Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture">Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture</a> said:</p>
<dl><dd>"There was discussion amongst members of the jury that the existing ‘Best Tall Building of the Year’ award was not really appropriate for the Burj Khalifa. We are talking about a building here that has changed the landscape of what is possible in architecture a building that became internationally recognized as an icon long before it was even completed. ‘Building of the Century’ was thought a more appropriate title for it."<sup id="cite_ref-ctbuh.org_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctbuh.org-116">[116]</a></sup></dd>
</dl><p>Beside these awards, Burj Khalifa was the recipient of following awards.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></sup></p>
<table class="wikitable"><tbody><tr><th>Year</th>
<th>Award</th>
</tr><tr><td>2012</td>
<td>Award of Merit for World Voices Sculpture, Burj Khalifa Lobby from <a href="/wiki/Structural_Engineers_Association_of_Illinois" title="Structural Engineers Association of Illinois">Structural Engineers Association of Illinois</a> (SEAOI), <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td rowspan="10" scope="row">2011</td>
<td>Interior Architecture Award, Certificate of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Distinguished Building Award, Citation of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Interior Architecture Award: Special Recognition from AIA – Chicago Chapter.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Design Excellence Award: Special Function Room.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Excellence in Engineering from <a href="/wiki/ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">ASHRAE</a> (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) – Illinois Chapter.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Outstanding Structure Award from <a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Bridge_and_Structural_Engineering" title="International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering">International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Decade of Design, Presidential Commendation in Corporate Space Small from <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Interior_Design_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Interior Design Association (page does not exist)">International Interior Design Association</a> (IIDA).</td>
</tr><tr><td>Decade of Design • Best of Category/Mixed Use Buildings from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).</td>
</tr><tr><td>GCC Technical Building Project of the Year from <a href="/wiki/MEED" title="MEED">MEED</a> (formerly <i>Middle East Economic Digest</i>)</td>
</tr><tr><td>Project of the Year from MEED.</td>
</tr><tr><td rowspan="17" scope="row">2010</td>
<td>International Architecture Award.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Arab Achievement Award 2010: Best Architecture Project from Arab Investment Summit.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Dubai from Arabian Property Awards.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Arabian Region from Arabian Property Awards.</td>
</tr><tr><td>International Architecture Award from <a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Chicago)" title="Good Design Award (Chicago)">Chicago Athenaeum</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td>American Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Commercial / Mixed Use Built from <a href="/wiki/Cityscape_Global" title="Cityscape Global">Cityscape</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Best Mixed Use Built Development in <a href="/wiki/Cityscape_Abu_Dhabi" title="Cityscape Abu Dhabi">Cityscape Abu Dhabi</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Skyscraper Award: Silver Medal from <a href="/wiki/Emporis" title="Emporis">Emporis</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Award for Commercial or Retail Structure from <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Structural_Engineers" title="Institution of Structural Engineers">Institution of Structural Engineers</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td>International Architecture Award (Mixed Use) from International Commercial Property Awards.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Special Recognition for Technological Advancement from International Highrise Awards.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Best Structural Design of the Year from <a href="/wiki/LEAF_Award" title="LEAF Award">LEAF Award</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td>International Projects Category: Outstanding Project from <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Structural_Engineers_Associations" title="National Council of Structural Engineers Associations">National Council of Structural Engineers Associations</a>.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Best of What's New from Popular Science Magazine.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Spark Awards, Silver Award.</td>
</tr><tr><td>Excellence in Structural Engineering: Most Innovative Structure from SEAOI.</td>
</tr></tbody></table><h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="BASE_jumping">BASE jumping</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: BASE jumping" data-section="21" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>The building has been used by several experienced <a href="/wiki/BASE_jumping" title="BASE jumping">BASE jumpers</a> for both authorized and unauthorized BASE jumping:</p>
<ul><li>In May 2008, Hervé Le Gallou and David McDonnell, dressed as engineers, illegally infiltrated Burj Khalifa (around 650 m at the time), and jumped off a balcony situated a couple of floors below the 160th floor.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></sup></li>
<li>On 8 January 2010, with permission of the authorities, Nasr Al Niyadi and Omar Al Hegelan, from the Emirates Aviation Society, broke the world record for the highest BASE jump from a building after they leapt from a crane-suspended platform attached to the 160th floor at 672 m (2,205 ft). The two men descended the vertical drop at a speed of up to 220 km/h (140 mph), with enough time to open their parachutes 10 seconds into the 90-second jump.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BASE_jumping_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BASE_jumping-122">[122]</a></sup></li>
<li>On 21 April 2014, with permission of the authorities and support from several sponsors, highly experienced French base jumpers Vince Reffet and Fred Fugen broke the Guinness world record for the highest BASE jump from a building after they leapt from a specially designed platform, built at the very top of the pinnacle, at 828 metres (2,717 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></sup></li>
</ul><h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Climbing">Climbing</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Climbing" data-section="22" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>On 28 March 2011, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Robert" title="Alain Robert">Alain "Spiderman" Robert</a> scaled the outside of Burj Khalifa. The climb to the top of the spire took six hours. To comply with UAE safety laws, Robert, who usually climbs in <a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">free solo</a> style, used a rope and harness for the climb.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></sup></p>
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Fatalities">Fatalities</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fatalities" data-section="23" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<p>Within 17 months of the building's official opening, a man described as "an Asian in his mid-30s" who worked at one of the companies in the tower, died by suicide on 10 May 2011 by jumping from the 147th floor. He fell 39 floors, landing on a deck on the 108th floor. Dubai police confirmed the act as a suicide, reporting that "We also came to know that the man decided to commit suicide as his company refused to grant leave."<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></sup> The Daily Mail reported that on 16 November 2014, Laura Vanessa Nunes, a Portuguese National who was in Dubai on a tourist visa, fell to her death from Burj Khalifa's At the Top Observation Deck on the 148th floor.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></sup> However, on 18 May 2015, Dubai Police disputed the report made by The Daily Mail on this incident and said that this incident took place in <a href="/wiki/Jumeirah_Lakes_Towers" title="Jumeirah Lakes Towers" class="mw-redirect">Jumeirah Lakes Towers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></sup></p>
</div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-6"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: In popular culture" data-section="24" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-6" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<ul><li>Some scenes of the 2011 Hollywood movie, <i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_-_Ghost_Protocol" title="Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol" class="mw-redirect">Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol</a></i>, were shot on and in the Burj Khalifa where <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> performed many of the stunts himself.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></sup></li>
<li>A replica of the Burj Khalifa, made entirely from 4,200 kg of high quality Belgian chocolate was displayed on 30 November 2014 at the Dubai International Airport. The 13.5-metre (44.2 ft) tall structure is a Guinness record feat by master chocolatier Andrew Farrugia and is a part of the 43rd UAE National Day Celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></sup></li>
<li>In 2013, the Dubai Crown Prince, <a href="/wiki/Hamdan_bin_Mohammed_Al_Maktoum" title="Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum">Sheikh Hamdan</a> went to the top floor of the building to celebrate and wave at news cameras, after the UAE won the World Expo 2020 bid.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></sup></li>
<li>A look-alike of the Burj Khalifa, known as the tallest building in Springfield was featured in the <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">Simpsons</a> episode <a href="/wiki/YOLO_(The_Simpsons)" title="YOLO (The Simpsons)">YOLO</a> which aired on 10 November 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></sup></li>
</ul></div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-7"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Fireworks_displays">Fireworks displays</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Fireworks displays" data-section="25" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-7" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<ul><li>2010–2011, fireworks accompanied by lasers and lights were displayed from the Burj Khalifa, making it the highest New Year fireworks display in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews.com_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews.com-30">[30]</a></sup> The theme of the 2011 New Year fireworks was the "New Year Gala", a tribute to the spirit of Dubai, which is home to over 200 nationalities. The display also marked the first anniversary of Burj Khalifa.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></sup></li>
<li>2011–2012, Burj Khalifa was fully illuminated in white, red and green colors, drawing on the colors of the UAE national flag, through the fireworks display. The celebrations were also a salute to the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></sup></li>
<li>2012–2013, the fireworks display on Burj Khalifa, in a blaze of light and color, the fireworks engulfed the tower, synchronized and choreographed to a live performance by the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra. A window table for the New Year event was also arranged on the 122nd floor of the building at Atmosphere restaurant, at cost of 16,000 dirhams (4,300 dollars) per person.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></sup></li>
<li>On 27 November 2013 Burj Khalifa was illuminated with lights and fireworks display following announcement of Dubai as winning city to host <a href="/wiki/Expo_2020" title="Expo 2020">World Expo 2020</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></sup></li>
<li>2013–2014, the Burj Khalifa and surrounding areas were the site of a record-breaking fireworks display as part of the UAE's New Year celebrations, with a reported 400,000 fireworks being set off continuously for six minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></sup></li>
<li>2014–2015, the Burj Khalifa was illuminated by a 828 m (2,717 ft) custom build LED facade which was installed on the building where light shows were displayed followed by the fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></sup></li>
</ul></div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-8"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Labor_controversy">Labor controversy</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Labor controversy" data-section="26" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-8" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<div role="note" class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Human rights in the United Arab Emirates">Human rights in the United Arab Emirates</a></div>
<p>Burj Khalifa was built primarily by workers from South Asia and East Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Riot_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riot-146">[146]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></sup> This is generally because the current generation of UAE locals prefer government jobs and do not have a good attitude towards private sector employment.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></sup> On 17 June 2008, there were 7,500 skilled workers employed at the construction site.<sup id="cite_ref-Emaar20080617_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emaar20080617-35">[35]</a></sup> Press reports indicated in 2006 that skilled <a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">carpenters</a> at the site earned <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>4.34 a day, and labourers earned £2.84.<sup id="cite_ref-Riot_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riot-146">[146]</a></sup> According to a BBC investigation and a <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> report, the workers were housed in abysmal conditions, and worked long hours for low pay.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW111106_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW111106-150">[150]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></sup> During the construction of Burj Khalifa, only one construction-related death was reported.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></sup> However, workplace injuries and fatalities in the UAE are "poorly documented".<sup id="cite_ref-HRW111106_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW111106-150">[150]</a></sup></p>
<p>On 21 March 2006, about 2,500 workers, who were upset over buses that were delayed for the end of their shifts, protested, damaged cars, offices, computers, and construction equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-Riot_146-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riot-146">[146]</a></sup> A Dubai Interior Ministry official said the rioters caused almost £500,000 in damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Riot_146-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riot-146">[146]</a></sup> Most of the workers involved in the riot returned the following day but refused to work.<sup id="cite_ref-Riot_146-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riot-146">[146]</a></sup></p>
</div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-9"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Gallery" data-section="27" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-9" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Construction_2">Construction</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Construction" data-section="28" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj2.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="1 February 2006"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Burj2.jpg/135px-Burj2.jpg" width="135" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="672"></a></div>
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<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1 February 2006</div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:20060829_Burj_Dubai.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="29 August 2006"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/20060829_Burj_Dubai.jpg/135px-20060829_Burj_Dubai.jpg" width="135" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600"></a></div>
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<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">29 August 2006</div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:84floors.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="19 November 2006"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/84floors.jpg/135px-84floors.jpg" width="135" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200"></a></div>
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<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">19 November 2006</div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burjdubaifeb2107.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="21 March 2007"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Burjdubaifeb2107.jpg/180px-Burjdubaifeb2107.jpg" width="180" height="134" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="3160" data-file-height="2344"></a></div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burjdubaimay07.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="9 May 2007"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Burjdubaimay07.jpg/76px-Burjdubaimay07.jpg" width="76" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="1024"></a></div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="15 July 2007"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Burj.jpg/123px-Burj.jpg" width="123" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1410"></a></div>
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<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">15 July 2007</div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_Dubai_02.12.2007.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="2 December 2007"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Burj_Dubai_02.12.2007.jpg/143px-Burj_Dubai_02.12.2007.jpg" width="143" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1155"></a></div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_Dubai_20071204.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="4 December 2007"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Burj_Dubai_20071204.jpg/121px-Burj_Dubai_20071204.jpg" width="121" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="2535" data-file-height="3769"></a></div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_10_December_2007.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="10 December 2007"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_10_December_2007.jpg/112px-Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_10_December_2007.jpg" width="112" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="863"></a></div>
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<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">10 December 2007</div>
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<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_dubai_3.11.08.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="11 March 2008"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Burj_dubai_3.11.08.jpg/180px-Burj_dubai_3.11.08.jpg" width="180" height="121" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="857"></a></div>
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<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">11 March 2008</div>
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<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_8_May_2008_Pict_1.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="8 May 2008"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_8_May_2008_Pict_1.jpg/180px-Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_8_May_2008_Pict_1.jpg" width="180" height="122" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="834"></a></div>
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<div class="gallerytext" style="min-height:3.1em;width:187px;line-height:1.3em;padding:2px 6px 1px 6px;margin:0px;border:none;border-width:0px">
<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8 May 2008</div>
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</tr></tbody></table><table style="width:200px;float:left;border-collapse:collapse;margin:3px"><tbody><tr><td style="height:200px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;background-color:#F8F8F8;padding:0px;text-align:center">
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_8_May_2008_Pict_2.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="8 May 2008"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_8_May_2008_Pict_2.jpg/145px-Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_8_May_2008_Pict_2.jpg" width="145" height="180" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="1140"></a></div>
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<div class="gallerytext" style="min-height:3.1em;width:187px;line-height:1.3em;padding:2px 6px 1px 6px;margin:0px;border:none;border-width:0px">
<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8 May 2008</div>
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</tr></tbody></table><h3 class="in-block"><span class="mw-headline" id="Photos">Photos</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Photos" data-section="29" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h3>
<table style="background:transparent;margin-top:0.5em"><tbody><tr><td>
<table style="width:200px;float:left;border-collapse:collapse;margin:3px"><tbody><tr><td style="height:200px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;background-color:#F8F8F8;padding:0px;text-align:center">
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Burj_Khalifa_001.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="Burj Khalifa Name Plate"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Burj_Khalifa_001.jpg/180px-Burj_Khalifa_001.jpg" width="180" height="120" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1891"></a></div>
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<div class="gallerytext" style="min-height:3.1em;width:187px;line-height:1.3em;padding:2px 6px 1px 6px;margin:0px;border:none;border-width:0px">
<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Burj Khalifa Name Plate</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table><table style="width:200px;float:left;border-collapse:collapse;margin:3px"><tbody><tr><td style="height:200px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;background-color:#F8F8F8;padding:0px;text-align:center">
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline-Dubai-2010.jpg" class="image view-border-box" title="Dubai Skyline with Burj Khalifa"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Skyline-Dubai-2010.jpg/180px-Skyline-Dubai-2010.jpg" width="180" height="89" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="3570" data-file-height="1761"></a></div>
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<div class="gallerytext" style="min-height:3.1em;width:187px;line-height:1.3em;padding:2px 6px 1px 6px;margin:0px;border:none;border-width:0px">Dubai Skyline with Burj Khalifa </div>
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</tr></tbody></table></td>
</tr></tbody></table></div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-10"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also" data-section="30" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-10" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_with_100_floors_or_more" title="List of buildings with 100 floors or more">List of buildings with 100 floors or more</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_development_projects_in_Dubai" title="List of development projects in Dubai">List of development projects in Dubai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_the_world" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in the world" class="mw-redirect">List of tallest buildings and structures in the world</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures_in_the_world" title="List of tallest freestanding structures in the world" class="mw-redirect">List of tallest freestanding structures in the world</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Dubai" title="List of tallest buildings in Dubai">List of tallest buildings in Dubai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of tallest buildings in the United Arab Emirates">List of tallest buildings in the United Arab Emirates</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_world" title="List of tallest buildings in the world">List of tallest buildings in the world</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_world" title="List of tallest structures in the world" class="mw-redirect">List of tallest structures in the world</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-11"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References" data-section="31" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-11" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/around-the-burj/news-detail.aspx?itemId=tcm:186-12866">http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/around-the-burj/news-detail.aspx?itemId=tcm:186-12866</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-opening-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-opening_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opening_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opening_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/20091106052129/http://gulfnews.com:80/business/property/uae/official-opening-of-iconic-burj-dubai-announced-1.523471">"Official Opening of Iconic Burj Dubai Announced"</a>. Gulfnews. 4 November 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/business/property/uae/official-opening-of-iconic-burj-dubai-announced-1.523471">the original</a> on 6 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Official+Opening+of+Iconic+Burj+Dubai+Announced&rft.date=2009-11-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Fproperty%2Fuae%2Fofficial-opening-of-iconic-burj-dubai-announced-1.523471&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-USAtoday-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USAtoday_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USAtoday_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stanglin, Douglas (2 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/01/dubai-opens-world-tallest-building/1">"Dubai opens world's tallest building"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>: <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Dubai+opens+world%27s+tallest+building&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.aulast=Stanglin&rft.date=2010-01-02&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.usatoday.com%2Fcommunities%2Fondeadline%2Fpost%2F2010%2F01%2Fdubai-opens-world-tallest-building%2F1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-CTBUHdb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTBUHdb_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3">"Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center"</a>. <i>Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Burj+Khalifa+%93+The+Skyscraper+Center&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskyscrapercenter.com%2Fbuilding%2Fburj-khalifa%2F3&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Tall+Buildings+and+Urban+Habitat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Baldwin-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Baldwin, Derek (1 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/no-more-habitable-floors-to-burj-dubai-1.452275">"No more habitable floors to Burj Dubai"</a>. Gulfnews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=No+more+habitable+floors+to+Burj+Dubai&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgulf%2Fuae%2Fgeneral%2Fno-more-habitable-floors-to-burj-dubai-1.452275&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BuildingDetail/701.php">"The Burj Khalifa"</a>. Glass, Steel and Stone<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=The+Burj+Khalifa&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glasssteelandstone.com%2FBuildingDetail%2F701.php&rft.pub=Glass%2C+Steel+and+Stone&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Blum, Andrew (27 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/culture/design/magazine/15-12/mf_baker">"Engineer Bill Baker Is the King of Superstable 150-Story Structures"</a>. Wired<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Engineer+Bill+Baker+Is+the+King+of+Superstable+150-Story+Structures&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.date=2007-11-27&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fculture%2Fdesign%2Fmagazine%2F15-12%2Fmf_baker&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Contractors-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Contractors_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Contractors_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Contractors_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Contractors_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/burj/">"Burj Dubai (Dubai Tower) and Dubai Mall, United Arab Emirates"</a>. designbuild-network.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Burj+Dubai+%28Dubai+Tower%29+and+Dubai+Mall%2C+United+Arab+Emirates&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.designbuild-network.com%2Fprojects%2Fburj%2F&rft.pub=designbuild-network.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-DubaiOneInauguration-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DubaiOneInauguration_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DubaiOneInauguration_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DubaiOneInauguration_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bianchi, Stefania; Andrew Critchlow (4 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703580904574638111667658806.html">"World's Tallest Skyscraper Opens in Dubai"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i> (Dow Jones & Company, Inc)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=World%27s+Tallest+Skyscraper+Opens+in+Dubai&rft.au=Andrew+Critchlow&rft.aufirst=Stefania&rft.aulast=Bianchi&rft.date=2010-01-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052748703580904574638111667658806.html&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8439618.stm">"World's tallest building opens in Dubai"</a>. BBC News. 4 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=World%27s+tallest+building+opens+in+Dubai&rft.date=2010-01-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F8439618.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Record_High-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Record_High_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Record_High_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emaar.com/index.aspx?page=press-release-details&id=361">"Burj Dubai reaches a record high"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Emaar_Properties" title="Emaar Properties">Emaar Properties</a>. 21 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Burj+Dubai+reaches+a+record+high&rft.date=2007-07-21&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emaar.com%2Findex.aspx%3Fpage%3Dpress-release-details%26id%3D361&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Keegan, Edward (15 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architectmagazine.com/industry-news.asp?sectionID=1006&articleID=385534">"Adrian Smith Leaves SOM, Longtime Skidmore partner bucks retirement to start new firm"</a>. ArchitectOnline<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Adrian+Smith+Leaves+SOM%2C+Longtime+Skidmore+partner+bucks+retirement+to+start+new+firm&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.date=2006-10-15&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architectmagazine.com%2Findustry-news.asp%3FsectionID%3D1006%26articleID%3D385534&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-SkyscraperPage-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SkyscraperPage_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7787">"Burj Dubai, Dubai – SkyscraperPage.com"</a>. SkyscraperPage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Burj+Dubai%2C+Dubai+%93+SkyscraperPage.com&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskyscraperpage.com%2Fcities%2F%3FbuildingID%3D7787&rft.pub=SkyscraperPage&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-ghurair.com/en/its-about-commitment/building-the-burj-khalifa/">"Al Ghurair :: Building the Burj Khalifa"</a>. <i>al-ghurair.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Al+Ghurair+%3A%3A+Building+the+Burj+Khalifa&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-ghurair.com%2Fen%2Fits-about-commitment%2Fbuilding-the-burj-khalifa%2F&rft.jtitle=al-ghurair.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctbuh.org/SponsorExhibit/ConferenceSponsors/PlatinumSponsorship/PlatinumSponsorAlGhurair/tabid/3881/language/en-US/Default.aspx">"Platinum Sponsor – Al Ghurair Construction Aluminum"</a>. <i>ctbuh.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Platinum+Sponsor+%93+Al+Ghurair+Construction+Aluminum&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctbuh.org%2FSponsorExhibit%2FConferenceSponsors%2FPlatinumSponsorship%2FPlatinumSponsorAlGhurair%2Ftabid%2F3881%2Flanguage%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx&rft.jtitle=ctbuh.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stack, Megan (13 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2005/oct/13/world/fg-dubai13">"In Dubai, the Sky's No Limit"</a>. Los Angeles Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=In+Dubai%2C+the+Sky%27s+No+Limit&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft.aulast=Stack&rft.date=2005-10-13&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2005%2Foct%2F13%2Fworld%2Ffg-dubai13&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-name_change-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-name_change_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_change_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jan2010/gb2010015_736675.htm">"Dubai Tower's Name Reflects U.A.E. Shift"</a>. <i>Businessweek.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Dubai+Tower%27s+Name+Reflects+U.A.E.+Shift&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fglobalbiz%2Fcontent%2Fjan2010%2Fgb2010015_736675.htm&rft.jtitle=Businessweek.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wtc.com/about/wtchistory-wtc-timeline">"WTC Timeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Silverstein_Properties" title="Silverstein Properties">Silverstein Properties</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=WTC+Timeline&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtc.com%2Fabout%2Fwtchistory-wtc-timeline&rft.pub=Silverstein+Properties&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Vanity-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vanity_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanity_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctbuh.org/Publications/Journal/InNumbers/TBINVanityHeight/tabid/5837/language/en-US/Default.aspx">"the world's vainest skyscrapers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=the+world%27s+vainest+skyscrapers&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctbuh.org%2FPublications%2FJournal%2FInNumbers%2FTBINVanityHeight%2Ftabid%2F5837%2Flanguage%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-constweek-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-constweek_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-9044-top-10-construction-world-record-holders/2/">"Burj Khalifa"</a>. Construcitonweekonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Burj+Khalifa&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constructionweekonline.com%2Farticle-9044-top-10-construction-world-record-holders%2F2%2F&rft.pub=Construcitonweekonline.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-Otis-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Otis_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otisworldwide.com/b4-newsarchdet.html?item=20100106">"Burj Khalifa"</a>. Otis Elevator<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Burj+Khalifa&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otisworldwide.com%2Fb4-newsarchdet.html%3Fitem%3D20100106&rft.pub=Otis+Elevator&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-Mosque_and_pool-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mosque_and_pool_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Landon Thomas Jr (5 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/news/world/dubais_skyscraper_has_worlds_highest_mosque.php">"Dubai's skyscraper has world's highest Mosque"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.au=Landon+Thomas+Jr&rft.btitle=Dubai%27s+skyscraper+has+world%27s+highest+Mosque&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fdubais_skyscraper_has_worlds_highest_mosque.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="PDFlink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityscape-online.com/PDF/CityScape_Daily_Day_2.pdf">Cityscape Daily News</a></span><span style="font-size:smaller;"> PDF (264 KB)</span> <i>Cityscape</i>, 18 September 2005. Retrieved on 5 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329053555/http://cityscape-online.com/PDF/CityScape_Daily_Day_2.pdf">Archived</a> 29 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/20120712011132/http://www.allaboutskyscrapers.com:80/property/burj-khalifa-2">"Burj Khalifa"</a>. AllAboutSkyscrapers.com. 19 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutskyscrapers.com/property/burj-khalifa-2">the original</a> on 12 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Burj+Khalifa&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutskyscrapers.com%2Fproperty%2Fburj-khalifa-2&rft.pub=AllAboutSkyscrapers.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bayley, Stephen (5 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/dubai/6934603/Burj-Dubai-The-new-pinnacle-of-vanity.html">"Burj Dubai: The new pinnacle of vanity"</a>. <i>Telegraph</i> (London).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Burj+Dubai%3A+The+new+pinnacle+of+vanity&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Bayley&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fdubai%2F6934603%2FBurj-Dubai-The-new-pinnacle-of-vanity.html&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/20091015022205/http://www.dubaichronicle.com:80/news/special-reports/burj-dubai-will-officially-open-for-the-uae-national-day-12755">"Burj Dubai will officially open for the UAE National Day"</a>. Dubai Chronicle. 29 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dubaichronicle.com/news/special-reports/burj-dubai-will-officially-open-for-the-uae-national-day-12755">the original</a> on 15 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Burj+Dubai+will+officially+open+for+the+UAE+National+Day&rft.date=2009-07-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dubaichronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fspecial-reports%2Fburj-dubai-will-officially-open-for-the-uae-national-day-12755&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/wea00/wea00131.htm">"Temperature and Elevation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>. 21 May 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Temperature+and+Elevation&rft.date=2002-05-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newton.dep.anl.gov%2Faskasci%2Fwea00%2Fwea00131.htm&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotelmanagement-network.com/projects/Armani/">"Armani Hotel Burj Dubai, United Arab Emirates"</a>. hotelmanagement-network.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Armani+Hotel+Burj+Dubai%2C+United+Arab+Emirates&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotelmanagement-network.com%2Fprojects%2FArmani%2F&rft.pub=hotelmanagement-network.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eyeofdubai.com/v1/news/newsdetail-37992.htm">"Worlds first Armani Hotel to open on 18 March 2010 in Dubai"</a>. EyeOfDubai.com. 4 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Worlds+first+Armani+Hotel+to+open+on+18+March+2010+in+Dubai&rft.date=2010-01-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eyeofdubai.com%2Fv1%2Fnews%2Fnewsdetail-37992.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sambidge, Andy (4 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabianbusiness.com/577810-burj-dubais-armani-hotel-to-open-on-mar-18">"Burj Dubai's Armani hotel to open on Mar 18"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Business" title="Arabian Business">Arabian Business</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Burj+Dubai%27s+Armani+hotel+to+open+on+Mar+18&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.aulast=Sambidge&rft.date=2010-01-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabianbusiness.com%2F577810-burj-dubais-armani-hotel-to-open-on-mar-18&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=174074">"Armani hotel opens in Dubai's Khalifa tower"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 27 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Armani+hotel+opens+in+Dubai%27s+Khalifa+tower&rft.date=2010-04-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddleEast%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D174074&rft.pub=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eyeofdubai.com/v1/news/newsdetail-37982.htm">"Burj Dubai: Fact Sheet"</a>. Eyeofdubai.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Burj+Dubai%3A+Fact+Sheet&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eyeofdubai.com%2Fv1%2Fnews%2Fnewsdetail-37982.htm&rft.pub=Eyeofdubai.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-residents-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-residents_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-residents_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/burj-dubai-to-welcome-residents-in-feb-2010/82037/on">"Burj Dubai to welcome residents in Feb 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard</a>. 1 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Burj+Dubai+to+welcome+residents+in+Feb+2010&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Findia%2Fnews%2Fburj-dubai-to-welcome-residents-in-feb-2010%2F82037%2Fon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">CW Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-7400-how-the-burj-was-built/5/">"How the Burj was built"</a>. ConstructionWeekOnline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.au=CW+Staff&rft.btitle=How+the+Burj+was+built&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constructionweekonline.com%2Farticle-7400-how-the-burj-was-built%2F5%2F&rft.pub=ConstructionWeekOnline.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-7343-top-10-burj-khalifa-facts-part-3/2/">"Top 10 Burj Khalifa facts: Part 3"</a>. ConstructionWeekOnline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Top+10+Burj+Khalifa+facts%3A+Part+3&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constructionweekonline.com%2Farticle-7343-top-10-burj-khalifa-facts-part-3%2F2%2F&rft.pub=ConstructionWeekOnline.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brashbrands.com/#/work/Burj_Dubai/">"Burj Dubai Design work at Brash Brands"</a>. brashbrands.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Burj+Dubai+Design+work+at+Brash+Brands&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrashbrands.com%2F%23%2Fwork%2FBurj_Dubai%2F&rft.pub=brashbrands.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ida.us/winners/zoom2.php?eid=9-2758-08&uid=#">"Burj Dubai Armani Residences Roadshow Brands"</a>. ida.us<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Burj+Dubai+Armani+Residences+Roadshow+Brands&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fida.us%2Fwinners%2Fzoom2.php%3Feid%3D9-2758-08%26uid%3D%23&rft.pub=ida.us&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/crime/no-suicide-at-burj-khalifa-say-dubai-police-1.1513260">"No suicide at Burj Khalifa say Dubai Police"</a>. Gulf News. 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=No+suicide+at+Burj+Khalifa+say+Dubai+Police&rft.date=2015-05-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fuae%2Fcrime%2Fno-suicide-at-burj-khalifa-say-dubai-police-1.1513260&rft.pub=Gulf+News&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/dubai-ushers-in-new-year-with-fireworks-world-record-1.1272663">"Dubai ushers in New Year with fireworks world record 2020"</a>. Gulfnews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Dubai+ushers+in+New+Year+with+fireworks+world+record+2020&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgulf%2Fuae%2Fgeneral%2Fdubai-ushers-in-new-year-with-fireworks-world-record-1.1272663&rft.pub=Gulfnews.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emaar.com/en/media-centre/detail.aspx?itemId=tcm:130-70642">"led facade report emmar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=led+facade+report+emmar&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emaar.com%2Fen%2Fmedia-centre%2Fdetail.aspx%3FitemId%3Dtcm%3A130-70642&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=data/nationgeneral/2014/December/nationgeneral_December233.xml&section=nationgeneral">"2015 fireworks"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=2015+fireworks&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaleejtimes.com%2Fkt-article-display-1.asp%3Fxfile%3Ddata%2Fnationgeneral%2F2014%2FDecember%2Fnationgeneral_December233.xml%26section%3Dnationgeneral&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=data/nationgeneral/2015/January/nationgeneral_January16.xml&section=nationgeneral">"LED illumination"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=LED+illumination&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaleejtimes.com%2Fkt-article-display-1.asp%3Fxfile%3Ddata%2Fnationgeneral%2F2015%2FJanuary%2Fnationgeneral_January16.xml%26section%3Dnationgeneral&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Riot-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Riot_146-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riot_146-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riot_146-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riot_146-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riot_146-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Whitaker, Brian (23 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/mar/23/brianwhitaker.mainsection">"Riot by migrant workers halts construction of Dubai skyscraper"</a>. UK: The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Riot+by+migrant+workers+halts+construction+of+Dubai+skyscraper&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.date=2006-03-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2006%2Fmar%2F23%2Fbrianwhitaker.mainsection&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article74907.ece">"Burj Dubai opens tomorrow, final height still a secret!"</a>. India: <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 3 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Burj+Dubai+opens+tomorrow%2C+final+height+still+a+secret%21&rft.date=2010-01-03&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Farticle74907.ece&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ayesha Almazroui. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/emiratisation-wont-work-if-people-dont-want-to-learn">"Emiratisation won't work if people don't want to learn"</a>. <i>thenational.ae</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Emiratisation+won%27t+work+if+people+don%27t+want+to+learn&rft.au=Ayesha+Almazroui&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fthenationalconversation%2Fcomment%2Femiratisation-wont-work-if-people-dont-want-to-learn&rft.jtitle=thenational.ae&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rania Moussly, Staff Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/education/blacklist-seeks-to-deter-emirati-job-aspirants-from-being-fussy-1.978402">"Blacklist seeks to deter Emirati job aspirants from being fussy"</a>. <i>gulfnews.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.atitle=Blacklist+seeks+to+deter+Emirati+job+aspirants+from+being+fussy&rft.au=Rania+Moussly%2C+Staff+Reporter&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fuae%2Feducation%2Fblacklist-seeks-to-deter-emirati-job-aspirants-from-being-fussy-1.978402&rft.jtitle=gulfnews.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-HRW111106-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW111106_150-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW111106_150-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrw.org/en/node/11123/section/6">"Building Towers, Cheating Workers Section V."</a>. Human Rights Watch. 11 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Building+Towers%2C+Cheating+Workers+Section+V.&rft.date=2006-11-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fen%2Fnode%2F11123%2Fsection%2F6&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7985361.stm">"Dark side of the Dubai dream"</a>. BBC. 6 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Dark+side+of+the+Dubai+dream&rft.date=2009-04-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fmagazine%2F7985361.stm&rft.pub=BBC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrant-rights.org/2010/01/04/behind-the-glamorous-facade-of-the-burj-khalifa/">"Behind the Glamorous Facade of the Burj Khalifa"</a>. Migrant-Rights.org. 4 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Glamorous+Facade+of+the+Burj+Khalifa&rft.date=2010-01-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrant-rights.org%2F2010%2F01%2F04%2Fbehind-the-glamorous-facade-of-the-burj-khalifa%2F&rft.pub=Migrant-Rights.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/business/property/keeping-the-burj-dubai-site-safe-for-workers-1.561805">"Keeping the Burj Dubai site safe for workers"</a>. gulfnews. 4 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurj+Khalifa&rft.btitle=Keeping+the+Burj+Dubai+site+safe+for+workers&rft.date=2010-01-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Fproperty%2Fkeeping-the-burj-dubai-site-safe-for-workers-1.561805&rft.pub=gulfnews&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
</ol></div>
</div><h2 class="section-heading in-block collapsible-heading open-block" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-12"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-arrow mw-ui-icon-element indicator" title=""></div><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links" data-section="32" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled edit-page">Edit</a></span></h2><div class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-12" aria-pressed="true" aria-expanded="true">
<table class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:
<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Burj_Khalifa" class="extiw" title="commons:Burj Khalifa">Burj Khalifa</a></b></i> (<a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Burj_Khalifa" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Burj Khalifa">category</a>)</div>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table><ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burjdubai.com">Official website</a></span></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-ghurair.com/en/its-about-commitment/building-the-burj-khalifa/">Building the Burj Khalifa</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/dubai/9831964/360-degree-view-from-the-worlds-tallest-building-in-Dubai.html">360 degree view from the world's tallest building in Dubai</a> by the Daily Telegraph</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/38222/worlds-tallest-building-by-far">World's Tallest Building (By Far)</a> – slideshow by <i><a href="/wiki/Life_magazine" title="Life magazine" class="mw-redirect">Life magazine</a></i></li>
<li><span class="PDFlink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.structuremag.org/archives/2006/June-2006/SF-Wind-Engineering-Burj-Dubai-Tower-June-06.pdf">The Burj Dubai Tower Wind Engineering</a></span><span style="font-size:smaller;"> PDF (597 KB)</span>; <span class="PDFlink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.structuremag.org/archives/2006/Nov-2006/F-Burj-Dubai-Tower-Irwin-etal-Nov_06.pdf">Wind Tunnel Testing</a></span><span style="font-size:smaller;"> PDF (620 KB)</span> (Irwin et al., <i>Structure</i> magazine, June and November 2006)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rwdi.com/project_profiles/burj_dubai/">Wind and Other Studies</a> performed by <a href="/wiki/RWDI" title="RWDI">RWDI</a></li>
<li>BBC reports: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8438857.stm">Burj Khalifa opening</a>, with video and links; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-20526216">Maintaining the world's tallest building</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/46384,in-pictures,news-in-pictures,in-pictures-worlds-tallest-tower-burj-khalifa-dubai-opens-skyscraper-fireworks">World's Tallest Tower Opens</a> – slideshow by <i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Post" title="The First Post">The First Post</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/48492/">A 45 Gigapixel zoom and pannable photo from Gigapan</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingmag.com/pilots-places/pilots-adventures-more/video-jetmen-rocket-over-dubai">4K video, JetMen flying around Khalifa</a> with <a href="/wiki/Yves_Rossy" title="Yves Rossy">Yves Rossy</a> and Vince Reffet</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3dearthmap.com/3d-earth-gallery/dubai-fountain-3d/">3D View of Burj Khalifa</a></li>
</ul><table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Records</th>
</tr><tr style="text-align:center;"><td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Radio_Mast" title="Warsaw Radio Mast" class="mw-redirect">Warsaw Radio Mast</a><br><small>646.38 m (2,120.67 ft)</small></span></td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>World's tallest structure ever built</b><br>
2008 – present</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="5"><b>Incumbent</b></td>
</tr><tr style="text-align:center;"><td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/KVLY-TV_mast" title="KVLY-TV mast">KVLY-TV mast</a><br><small>628.8 m (2,063 ft)</small></span></td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>World's tallest structure</b><br>
2008 – present</td>
</tr><tr style="text-align:center;"><td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/CN_Tower" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a><br><small>553.33 m (1,815.39 ft)</small></span></td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>World's tallest free-standing structure</b><br>
2007 – present</td>
</tr><tr style="text-align:center;"><td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Taipei_101" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a><br><small>509.2 m (1,670.6 ft)</small></span></td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>World's tallest building</b><br>
2010 – present</td>
</tr><tr style="text-align:center;"><td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Willis Tower</a><br><small>108 floors</small></span></td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Building with the most floors</b><br>
2007 – present</td>
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