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view help/YATEXHLP.eng @ 207:cb1906082153 dev start-for-1.76
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author | yuuji@gentei.org |
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date | Thu, 12 Jan 2012 12:25:51 +0900 |
parents | f14ec50103d0 |
children | 0f6c76dc7a23 |
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%%% %%% YaTeX-LaTeX Help File(c)HIROSE Yuuji [yuuji@yatex.org] %%% You can translate this file for any device other than YaTeX via %%% any filter program. But it is not allowed to remove copyright %%% notice and any existing dictionary entiries which describes the %%% source of this file. %%% textfloatsep \addtolength{\textfloatsep}{LENGTH} Length between the text and a float at the top or bottom of page floatsep \addtolength{\floatsep}{LENGTH} Length between two floats oddsidemargin \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH} Length between text and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the right page pagestyle \pagestyle{STYLE} Determines header and footer styles on output page. There are the following styles plain Standard style. Page number only in footer. empty No headers or footers are output. headings Puts page number and headings according to section in header. No footer is output. myheadings User defines what goes into headings using \markbpth and \markright thispagestyle \thispagestyle{STYLE} Determines the STYLE for the current page only pagenumbering \pagenumbering{STYLE} Determines the STYLE of page numbers. Type of STYLEs are, arabic arabic numerals alph lowercase alphabets Alph uppercase alphabets roman lowercase roman numerals Roman uppercase roman numerals shortstack \shortstack[POSITION]{TEXT\\TO BE\\STACKED} Stack and display contents within {}, separated by \\. Possible [POSITION]s are, l(left), c(center), r(right). newlength \newlength{NAME} Declare NAME as a length command. addtolength \addtolength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE} Adds VALUE to LENGTH COMMAND. See \setlength for major style parameters. setlength \setlength{LENGTH COMMAND}{VALUE} Set the value of LENGTH COMMAND to VALUE. Major style parameters are: (Style parameters must be changed in the preamble) \evensidemargin \footheight \footskip \headheight \headsep \marginparsep \marginparwidth \oddsidemargin \textheight \textwidth \topmargin \topskip \parindent \baselineskip \baselinestretch \parskip \columnsep \columnseprule \mathindent settowidth{\NAME}{TEXT} Set the value of \NAME to the width of \hbox{TEXT}. evensidemargin \setlength{\evensidemargin}{LENGTH} Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the left page. footheight \setlength{\footheight}{LENGTH} Height of footer. footskip \setlength{\footskip}{LENGTH} Length between bottom of body and footer. headheight \addtolength{\headheight}{LENGTH} Height of header. headsep \setlength{\headsep}{LENGTH} Length between top of body and header. marginparsep \addtolength{\marginparsep}{LENGTH} Length between the body and marginal notes marginparwidth \addtolength{\marginparwidth}{LENGTH} Width of marginal notes. oddsidemargin \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{LENGTH} Length between body and a line 1 inch from the left of page, on the right page. textheight \addtolength{\textheight}{LENGTH} Height of text. textwidth \addtolength{\textwidth}{LENGTH} Width of body. topmargin \addtolength{\topmargin}{LENGTH} Length between the header and a line one inch from the top of the page. topskip \addtolength{\topskip}{LENGTH} Length between top of the body to the first line of the text. parindent \setlength{\parindent}{LENGTH} Width of indentation at the beginning of a paragraph. linewidth \addtolength{\linewidth}{LENGTH} Width of lines. baselineskip \addtolength{baselineskip}{LENGTH} Minimum height between baselines (bottom of a line). baselinestretch \renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.5} Value to multiply \baselineskip. (default is 1) (* Redefine using \renewcommand. Don't use \setlength. parskip \addtolength{\parskip}{LENGTH} Vertical space before a paragraph. columnsep \addtolength{\columnsep}{LENGTH} Width between columns in a two column environment. columnseprule \addtolength{\columnseprule}{LENGTH} Width of ruler to separate columns in a two column environment. (default is 0pt) columnwidth \addtolength{\columnwidth}{LENGTH} (\textwidth - \columnsep)/2 in a two column environment. Otherwise, equal to \textwidth. mathindent \addtolength{mathindent}{LENGTH} Width of indentation of a equation from the left margin, when fleqn is defined as style option. LaTeX \LaTeX Display \LaTeX logo. Definition of \LaTeX is; \def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} fragile ** LaTeX term ** Any command which expanded result changes by an argument. Opposite is a robust command. robust ** LaTeX term ** Commands which expanded results are always the same. Font type/size selection commands, length commands, and most commands used within math mode is robust. (maketitle type commands that don't take any arguments) protect \protect `a fragile command' Commands that the result changes according to it's arguments are called "fragile commands". When an argument is referenced in more than one place, the command is said to "take a moving argument". chapter and caption, whose argument will be used in the table of contents, or an @ in an tabular/array environment are examples. When a "fragile command" is used in a "moving argument", it must be preceded by a \protect. Following is an example. \newcommand{\thissystem}[1]{YaTeX version #1} \chapter{About \protect \thissystem{1.50}} newcommand \newcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF} Define a macro \NAME as DEF, taking ARGS number of arguments. The nth argument will be referred as #n in the definition. If used as \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\underline{#1}} \foo{bar} will be expanded to \underline{bar}. When a font selection command is used as \newcommand{\foo}[1]{\bf #1} \foo{bar} will be expanded as \bf bar in the text, so, it must be used as \newcommand{\foo}[1]{{\bf #1}} If NAME is already defined as a macro, it will return an error. To redefine, use \renewcommand. renewcommand \renewcommand{\NAME}[ARGS]{DEF} Redefine an already defined command. <refer newcommand> newenvironment \newenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2} Define a new environment. \begin{NAME} will be replaced by DEF1 and \end{NAME} will be replaced by DEF2. Same as \newcommand{\NAME}{DEF1} \def{\end{\NAME}}{DEF2} renewenvironment \renewenvironment{NAME}[ARGS]{DEF1}{DEF2} Redefine an environment NAME that already exists. <refer newenvironment> typeout \typeout{MESSAGE} Output MESSAGE to the terminal while typesetting. typein \typein{MESSAGE} \typein[\MACRO]{MESSAGE} Output MESSAGE to terminal and execute the input. In the second form, \MACRO will be defined as the input. par \par Used to separate paragraphs. Same as a blank line. everypar \everypar RTFM nopagebreak \nopagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4) Prevents pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4) pagebreak \pagebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4) Forces pages to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4) linebreak \linebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4) Forces lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4) nolinebreak \nolinebreak[i] (i = 0,1,2,3,4) Prevents lines to be broken by the strength of i. (default is 4) samepage \samepage Prevents page to be broken. RTFM obeycr \obeycr Define <CR> as \\. see \restorecr restorecr \restorecr Restore <CR>'s definition changed by \obeycr. \ \\ \\[LENGTH] Breaks a line at any given point. Same as \newline if used within a paragraph. If an option argument LENGTH is given, vertical space to next line will be \vspace{LENGTH}. addvspace \addvspace{SKIP} Adds space equal to SKIP to vertical space. If more than one values are given as \addvspace{S1} \addvspace{S2}, it will be the same as \addvspace{the larger of S1, S2}. vspace \vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH} Adds vertical space of LENGTH. \vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not add at beginning or end of a page. vspace* \vspace{LENGTH} \vspace*{LENGTH} Adds vertical space of LENGTH. \vspace* will add space at any given position, but \vspace will not add at beginning or end of a page. hspace \hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH} Adds horizontal space of LENGTH. \hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add at beginning or end of a line. hspace* \hspace{LENGTH} \hspace*{LENGTH} Adds horizontal space of LENGTH. \hspace* will add space at any given position, but \hspace will not add at beginning or end of a line. smallskip \smallskip Put a small vertical space. \def\smallskip{\vspace\smallskipamount} medskip \medskip Put a medium vertical space. \def\medskip{\vspace\medskipamount} bigskip \bigskip Put a big vertical skip. \def\bigskip{\vspace\bigskipamount} , \, Opens a thin space. Can be used in paragraph mode, LR mode, or math mode. Used to write a quote within a quote. example: ``\,`Foo', he said.'' Spaces that can be used in math mode are: \: medium space \! negative and thin space \; thick space : $\:$ Medium space. Math mode only. ! $\!$ Negative thin space. Math mode only. ; $\;$ Thick space. Math mode only. whiledo{TEST}{BODY} Repeat BODY while TEST is true. nofiles \nofiles If \nofiles is in the preamble, .aux, .idx, .lof, .lot, .toc files will not be made. includeonly \includeonly{sub1} \includeonly{sub1,sub3} Appoints actual files to be read and processed by \include{}. (.tex can be suppressed) Files not given in the argument list of \includeonly will not be processed at all. If the file has been processed before, it will be treated as if there were no changes from then. include \include{FILE} Same as \clearpage \input{FILE} \clearpage input \input{FILE} Process as if FILE.tex has been inserted at that point. setcounter \setcounter{FOO}{VAL} Set counter FOO's value to VAL. <refer How to Introduce new counter> addtocounter \addtocounter{FOO}{VAL} Add value VAL to counter FOO. <refer How to Introduce new counter> newcounter \newcounter{COUNTER}[OLDCTR] Defines a new counter COUNTER. If an optional argument OLDCTR is given, COUNTER's value will be reset every time OLDCTR's value is changed by \stepcounter or \addtocounter. <refer How to Introduce new counter> How to Introduce new counter You'll get `Question n.' increasing n with \mondai, by setting as below. \newcounter{toi} \renewcommand{\thetoi}{Question \arabic{toi}.~ } \setcounter{toi}{0} \newcommand{\mondai}{\refstepcounter{toi}\thetoi} value \value{COUNTER} Returns value of COUNTER. Must not be preceded by \protect. stepcounter \stepcounter{FOO} Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to FOO. refstepcounter \refstepcounter{FOO} Increments value of counter FOO. Also resets any counter dependent to FOO. Defers with \stepcounter as; if \label{hoge} follows immediately after \refstepcounter{FOO}, \ref{hoge}'s value will be set to \value{FOO}. arabic \arabic{COUNTER} Output COUNTER's value in arabic numerals. roman \roman{COUNTER} Output COUNTER's value in lower case roman numerals. Roman \Roman{COUNTER} Output COUNTER's value in upper case roman numerals. alph \alph{COUNTER} Output COUNTER's value in lower case alphabet. Alph \Alph{COUNTER} Output COUNTER's value in upper case alphabet. fnsymbol \fnsymbol{COUNTER} Output COUNTER's value in footnote symbols (1 = *, 2 = \dagger, ...). Math mode only. label \label{LABEL} Set value of LABEL to \ref VALUE. This value is referred by \ref{VALUE}. \pageref{LABEL} refers to the page number \label{LABEL} exists. ``\ref VALUEs'' are, section commands as \section, \item commands within an enumerate environment, values set by a theorem environment. For example, immediately after a \item of a enumerate environment, the item number will be the ``\ref VALUE''. \label{LABEL} will set the item number to LABEL. ref \ref{LABEL} Refer to LABEL's value set by \label{LABEL}. Examples of values returned are; page numbers for LABELs set in the main text, table numbers for LABELs set in a table, and the item number for LABELs set in an item of the enumerate environment. pageref \pageref{LABEL} Refer to the page number where \label{LABEL} exists. ( \( EQUATION \) Produce an in-text equation. Same as \begin{math} EQUATION \end{math} \( and \) are fragile. ) \( x^2 = 4 \) Produce an in-text equation. Same as \begin{math} EQUATION \end{math} \( and \) are fragile. [ \[ EQUATION \] Produce an equation in display mode. Same as \begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath} \[ and \] are fragile. ) \[ EQUATION \] Produce an equation in display mode. Same as \begin{displaymath} EQUATION \end{displaymath} \[ and \] are fragile. equation \begin{equation} EQUATION \end{equation} Produce a numbered equation in displaymath mode. eqnarray \begin{eqnarray} EQNS \end{eqnarray} Produce equations aligned in three columns. The columns are separated by & as ``left member & sign & right member''. For example, \begin{eqnarray} 3x + 2y & = & 4 \\ x - 4y & = & -5 \end{eqnarray} eqnarray* \begin{eqnarray*} EQNS \end{eqnarray*} Same as eqnarray, except no equation numbers are produced. frac \frac{NUMER}{DENOM} Produce a fraction as NUMER ------ DENOM Same as {NUMER \over DENOM} sqrt \sqrt[N]{EQUATION} Produces the Nth power of EQUATION. Gives a square root if [N] is not given. lefteqn \lefteqn{EQUATION} In display math mode, presume EQUATION has zero width and print it flush left. Used in eqnarray environment when the left member is too long and needs folding. \begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n =} \\ & & a_1 + b_1 + \cdots + z_1 + \\ & & b_2 + c+2 + \cdost + z_2 \end{eqnarray} center \begin{center} TEXT \end{center} Center TEXT. Each line must be separated by \\. <refer \centering> flushright \begin{flushright} TEXT \end{flushright} Align end of each line with right margin. Each line must be separated by \\. <refer \raggedright> flushleft \begin{flushleft} TEXT \end{flushleft} Align start of each line with left margin. \\ can be given to decide point of line break. Otherwise lines will be broken at an appropriate length. <refer \raggedleft> centering \centering Produce a centered paragraph. Declared at the beginning of a table/figura environment, it will center until the end of the environment. raggedright \raggedright Produce flush-left paragraphs. raggedleft \raggedleft Produce flush-right paragraphs. raggedbottom \raggedbottom Allow height of each page to vary. Declared in the preamble. <refer \flushbottom> flushbottom \flushbottom Make all text pages the same height. Declared in the preamble. <refer \raggedbottom> sloppy \sloppy Always breaks the line at the right-hand margin, but allows too much space between words. <refer \fussy> fussy \fussy Return to normal line breaking. <refer \sloppy> sloppypar \begin{sloppypar} PARAGRAPH \end{sloppypar} Produce PARAGRAPH in \sloppy. <refer \sloppy> verbatim \begin{verbatim} ... \end{verbatim} The verbatim environment uses the fixed-width \tt font, turns blanks into spaces, starts a new line for each carriage return (or sequence of consecutive carriage returns), and interprets EVERY character literally. I.e., all special characters \, {, $, etc. are \catcode'd to 'other'. verbatim* \begin{verbatim*} ... \end{verbatim*} The verbatim* environment is the same to verbatim, except that spaces print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces. <refer verbatim> list \begin{list}{LABEL}{PARAMETER} ... \end{list} Enter list environment. Each \item will be listed with an indent. First argument gives the default label when \item's optional argument is omitted. Second argument gives parameters to be processed for each item. example: \begin{list}% {$\diamond$} {\addtolength{\leftmargin}{4em}} \item First argument is the default label when \verb|\item|'s optional argument is given. \item Second argument will be processed for each item. \item[*] If a optional argument is given such as this, it will be the label. \end{list} Variables to control the list environment are as follow; (default value) horizontal: <refer variables to control list environment> variables to control list environment \labelwidth width of label \labelsep space between right of label and text of first item \leftmargin left margin within list environment \rightmargin right margin within list environment (0pt) \itemindent width of indent preceding item (0pt) \linewidth width of line \listparindent indent for each paragraph (except first paragraph with \item) (0pt) vertical: \topsep space between last paragraph before list environment and first item \partopsep space added to \topsep when starting a new paragraph in list environment \itemsep space between successive items \parsep space between paragraphs within the same item itemize \begin{itemize} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{itemize} Produce a bulleted list. Can be nested to four levels. ``bullets'' shown at top of each item of the four levels are controlled by \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii, \labelitemiv. Variables to control the itemize environment are; <refer variables to control list environment> enumerate \begin{enumerate} \item ITEM1 ... \item ITEMn \end{enumerate} Produce a numbered list. Can be nested to four levels. Numbers for items on each level are held in enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv. Each item's label are produced by \labelenumi, ..., \labelenumiv. \p@enumN\theenumN will set \ref's value. (N is the depth of level. refer \ref for value of \ref) For example, if declared \def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}} \def\p@enumii{\theenumi\theenumii} \def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)} \ref's value will be 3a. Variables to control enumerate environment are, <refer variables to control list environment> item \item \item[LABEL] Start an item in itemize, enumerate, description environment. Output LABEL if [LABEL] is given. description \begin{description} \item[LABEL] CONTENTS ... \end{description} Produce [LABEL] as a label. subitem \subitem ITEM Define a subitem. subsubitem \subsubitem ITEM Define a subsubitem. makebox \makebox[WID][POS]{OBJECT} \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{OBJECT} First form will place OBJECT at position POS and width WID in a \box. For POS, object will be placed flush-left if `l', flush-right if `r', splattering words in the same space if `s', and centered if nothing is given in the second form, object will be placed in a \hbox sized (X,Y) (in \unitlength) within a picture environment. POS is the same as the first form. mbox \mbox{OBJECT} Same as \makebox{OBJECT}. newsavebox \newsavebox{\CMD} Define a new box saving command. \CMD is used in a \savebox command to save boxes. Commands defined by \newsavebox are always global. savebox \savebox{\CMD}{TEXT} Save results of TEXT in \CMD to be boxed. TEXT is the same as the argument of \makebox, but the results of processing TEXT is not displayed in-place. Boxes processed by \usebox{\CMD} will be placed. sbox \sbox{\CMD}{TEXT} Same as \savebox. \sbox is robust, and \savebox is fragile. framebox \framebox[WID][POS]{OBJECT} \framebox(X,Y)[POS]{OBJECT} Do the same thing as \makebox with a frame. The frame's width and space between the object are decided by \framerule and \framesep. If used as \framebox(X,Y){OBJECT} in a picture environment, width of frame will be dependant to the picture environment's line width, and space between the object and frame can not be opened. fbox \fbox{OBJECT} Same as \framebox{OBJECT}. \fbox is robust, \framebox fragile. Rule width of \fbox can be controled by setting \fboxrule { \fboxrule=2\fboxrule \fbox{contents of double width of rule} } parbox \parbox[POS]{WIDTH}{TEXT} Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT. The box's position by POS is; c : centering (default) b : bottom of box matches present text t : top of box matches present text In \parbox, parameters will be reset as; \parskip = 0pt \linewidth = \hsize \@totalleftmargin = 0pt \leftskip = 0pt \rightskip = 0pt \@rightskip = 0pt \parfillskip = 0pt plus 1fil \lineskip = \normallineskip \baselineskip = \normalbaselineskip minipage \begin{minipage}[pos]{WIDTH} TEXT \end{minipage} Make a box of width WIDTH using TEXT as \parbox. The box's position by POS is; c : centering (default) b : bottom of box matches present text t : top of box matches present text TEXT will be processed as a normal paragraph, differing from \parbox. rule \rule[RAISED]{WIDTH}{HEIGHT} Make a rule of WIDTH x HEIGHT. If RAISED is given, will be raised that amount. underline \underline{TEXT} Underline TEXT. raisebox \raisebox{DISTANCE}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{BOX} Raise BOX by DISTANCE. If HEIGHT and DEPTH are given, TeX will take it as the height and depth of the box. (see TeXBook for more info) tabbing \begin{tabbing} \= text1.1 \= text1.2 \\ \> text2.1 \> text2.2 \end{tabbing} Creates an environment of aligned columns (nesting allowed). For example, \begin{tabbing} \= ITEM1 \hspace*{2em} \= ITEM2 \hspace*{3em} \= ITEM3 \\ \> aabbcc \> ddeeff \> gghhii \+ \\ \> jjkkll \> mmnnoo \\ \> ppqqrr \- \\ \> ssttuu \> vvwwxx \> yyzzzz \end{tabbing} will be processed with three tab stops as, (1st item) (2nd item) (3rd item) aabbcc ddeeff gghhii jjkkll mmnnoo ppqqrr ssttuu vvwwxx yyzzzz \2em/ \3em/ Commands to control the tabbing environment are; (n starts from 1) \= Sets the nth tab stop position to the current position and increment the tab counter (n) by 1. \\ Start a new line and reset the tab counter (n=1) \> Set the position to the nth tab stop and increment the tab counter by 1. \+ Add 1 to the next line's tab counter's initial value. If written as \+ \\, the next line's \> will give the position of the second tab stop. Multiple \+ will accumulate tab counter's initial value. \- Reverse of \+. Decrease initial value of tab counter for next line by 1. \< Decrease value of tab counter by 1 and set the tab stop. Can be only used at the beginning of a line. \' Output at a position \tabbinsep right from the normal tab stop. \` Output remaining text flush-right. \pushtabs Push all tab stop positions being used. \poptabs Push all tab stop positions being used. \pushtabs and \poptabs must be used in pairs. Nesting allowed. \aX In a tabbing environment, accents are produced by \a=, \a', \a` \kill Without outputting text, parse tabbing definition. array \begin{array}{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{array} Make a mathematical array. Useful to make matrix. See the help of `tabular' for detailed description. tabular \begin{tabular}[OPT]{PREAMBLE} C1 & C2 & .. & Cn \\ D1 ... \end{tabular} Make tabular. [[OPT]] [t] Align the top of tabular to the line. [b] Align the bottom of tabular to the line. [[PREAMBLE]] l,r,c : indicate where entry is to be placed. | : for vertical rule @{EXP} : inserts the text EXP in every column. \arraycolsep or \tabcolsep spacing is suppressed. *{N}{PRE} : equivalent to writing N copies of PRE in the preamble. PRE may contain *{N'}{EXP'} expressions. p{LEN} : makes entry in parbox of width LEN. This is useful when each column contains long sentences. [[Usable commands in array, tabular environment]] \multicolumn <refer multicolumn> \vline <refer vline> \hline <refer hline> \cline{i-j} <refer cline> \extracolsep{W} <refer extracolsep> See below as an example. \LaTeX Expression Printed image \begin{array}{ccr} x+y+z & a_1 & 1 \\ x+y+z a1 1 x+z & a_2 & 21 \\ x+z a2 21 y & a_3 & 321 y a3 321 \end{array} \[ \left( \begin{array}{cccc} a_{11} & a_{12} & \dots & a_{1n} \\ / a11 a12 ... a1n \ a_{21} & a_{22} & \dots & a_{2n} \\ | a21 a22 ... a2n | \vdots & \vdots & \ddots& \vdots \\ | : : \. : | a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \dots & a_{nn} \ an1 an2 ..: ann / \end{array} \right)\] \begin{tabular}{lp{0.7\textwidth} \hline ---------------------------- \verb|.| & Period matches with . Period matches with any any single character.\\ single character. \verb|*| & Asterisk matches with * Asterisk matches with 0 0 or more repetition or more repetition of of preceding regexp. preceding regexp. \\ \hline ---------------------------- \end{tabular} (End of example) \right(, \left) or \right{, left} or \right[, \left] or \right|, \left| can enclose whole of array environment by parentheses, braces, brackets, norm respectively. The number of `\right's and `\left's should be the same, but the type of parentheses don't have to match like \right( \left]. `\right.' produces the invisible parenthesis. \[ Ans. \cdots \left\{ / \begin{array}{ccc} | x = 5 x & = & 5 \\ Ans. ...< y & = & 3 | y = 3 \end{array} \right. \] \ Here are the style parameters for the tabular environment. \arraycolsep : half the width separating columns in an array environment \tabcolsep : half the width separating columns in a tabular environment \arrayrulewidth : width of rules \doublerulesep : space between adjacent rules in array or tabular \arraystretch : line spacing in array and tabular environments is done by placing a strut in every row of height and depth \arraystretch times the height and depth of the strut produced by an ordinary \strut command. Tabular environment cannot spread across pages. `supertabular.sty' allows this. tabular* \begin{tabular*}{WIDTH}{PREAMBLE} ... \end{tabular*} Make tabular environment with specifying its width. To fill this width, use \extracolsep{} of preamble as below: \begin{tabular*}{10em}[b]{|c@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|c|c|} \hline a & b & c \\ \hline 1 & 2 & 3 \end{tabular*} See also tabular. multicolumn \multicolumn{N}{FORMAT}{ITEM} In tabular environment, replaces the next N column items by ITEM, formatted according to FORMAT. FORMAT should contain at most one l,r or c. If it contains none, then ITEM is ignored. vline \vline In tabular environment, draws a vertical line the height of the current row. May appear in an array element entry. hline \hline In tabular environment draws a horizontal line between rows. Must appear either before the first entry (to appear above the first row) or right after a \\ command. If followed by another \hline, then adds a \vskip of \doublerulesep. cline \cline{i-j} In tabular environment, draws horizontal lines between rows covering columns i through j, inclusive. Multiple commands may follow one another to provide lines covering several disjoint columns extracolsep \extracolsep{W} for use inside an @ in the preamble. Causes a WIDTH space to be added between columns for the rest of the columns. This is in addition to the ordinary intercolumn space. picture \begin{picture}(WIDTH,HEIGHT)(X,Y) ..contents.. \end{picture} The picture environment allows you to create just about any kind of picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles. You tell LaTeX where to put things in the picture by specifying their coordinates. A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point and a minus sign - a number like 5, 2.3 or -3.1416. A coordinate specifies a length in multiples of the unit length \unitlength, so if \unitlength has been set to 1cm, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a length of 2.54 centimeters. You can change the value of \unitlength anywhere you want, using the \setlength command, but strange things will happen if you try changing it inside the picture environment. A position is a pair of coordinates, such as (2.4,-5), specifying the point with x-coordinate 2.4 and y-coordinate -5. Coordinates are specified in the usual way with respect to an origin, which is normally at the lower-left corner of the picture. Note that when a position appears as an argument, it is not enclosed in braces; the parentheses serve to delimit the argument. The picture environment has one mandatory argument, which is a position. It specifies the size of the picture. The environment produces a rectangular box with width and height determined by this argument's x- and y-coordinates. The picture environment also has an optional position argument, following the size argument, that can change the origin. (Unlike ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). For example, if \unitlength has been set to 1mm, the command \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional argument. The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture really is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the picture, or even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used by TeX in determining how much room to leave for it. Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the \put command. The command \put (11.3,-.3){...} puts the object specified by "..." in the picture, with its reference point at coordinates (11.3,-.3). The reference points for various objects will be described below. The \put command creates an LR box. You can put anything in the text argument of the \put command that you'd put into the argument of an \mbox and related commands. When you do this, the reference point will be the lower left corner of the box. Picture environment is obsolete I thinks, so show only commands. [[COMMANDS]] \put(X,Y){OBJECT} \multiput(X,Y)(dX,dY){REPEAT}{OBJECT} [[OBJECTS]] \makebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT} \framebox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT} \dashbox(X,Y)[POS]{TEXT} (POS = l, r, b, t) \line(dX,dY){HorizontalLength} \vector(dX,dY){HorizontalLength} (arrow) (dX,dY = +-1, +-2, ..., +-6) \shortstack[POS]{FIRST\\SECOND\\THIRD...} \circle{DIAMETER} \circle*{DIAMETER} (Filled circle) (Maximum diameters are 40pt, 15pt) \oval(Dia-X,DiaY)[POS] (Oval POS = l, r, t, b) \frame{OBJECT} \thinlines, \thicklines (choose line thickness) \linethickness{THICKNESS} newtheorem \newtheorem{NAME}{TEXT}[COUNTER] \newtheorem{NAME}[OLDNAME]{TEXT} This defines the environment NAME to be just as one would expect a theorem environment to be, except that it prints ``TEXT'' instead of ``Theorem''. If OLDNAME is given, then environments NAME and OLDNAME use the same counter, so using a NAME environment advances the number of the next NAME environment, and vice-versa. If COUNTER is given, then environment NAME is numbered within COUNTER. E.g., if COUNTER = subsection, then the first NAME in subsection 7.2 is numbered TEXT 7.2.1. The way NAME environments are numbered can be changed by redefining \theNAME. title \title{TITLE} Define the title of the document. author \author{AUTHOR} Declare the author of the document. date \date{DATE} Define the date of document which is used by \maketitle. Omitting DATE produces current date. thanks \thanks{FOOTNOTE} Output a footnote in title page. maketitle \maketitle Output a title. Should be written in document environment. Here are the constituents of title page. \title{TITLE} \author{AUTHOR} \date{DATE} (If DATE omitted, output the date of typesetting) \thanks{NOTE} (Output a thanks message or the post of the author) part \part{TITLE} Start a new part whose title is TITLE. <refer chapter> chapter \chapter{TITLE} Start a chapter whose title is TITLE. Sectioning commands: \part Part ? \chapter Chapter ? (not available in `article.sty') \section ? \subsection ?.? \subsubsection ?.?.? \paragraph *** \subparagraph === section \section{TITLE} Start a section whose title is TITLE. <refer chapter> subsection \subsection{TITLE} Start a subsection whose title is TITLE. <refer chapter> subsubsection \subsubsection{TITLE} Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE. <refer chapter> paragraph \paragraph{TITLE} Start a paragraph whose title is TITLE. <refer chapter subparagraph \subparagraph{TITLE} Start a subparagraph whose title is TITLE. <refer chapter> appendix \appendix Declare the beginning of appendix. Change the numbering fashion to appendix oriented. contentsline \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{PAGE} \contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22} Macro to produce a TYPE entry in a table of contents, etc. It will appear in the .TOC or other file. For example, The entry for subsection 1.4.3 in the table of contents might be produced by: \contentsline{subsection}{\makebox{30pt}[r]{1.4.3} Gnats and Gnus}{22} The \protect command causes command sequences to be written without expanding them. addcontentsline \addcontentsline{TABLE}{TYPE}{ENTRY} User command for adding his own entry to a table of contents, etc. It adds the entry \contentsline{TYPE}{ENTRY}{page} to the .TABLE file. addtocontents \addtocontents{TABLE}{TEXT} Adds TEXT to the .TABLE file, with no page number. index \index{INDEX} Create an entry of index. glossary \glossary{STRING} Create an entry of glossary. makeindex \makeindex Writes \indexentry to .idx file. Should be in preamble. makeglossary \makeglossary Writes \glossaryentry to .glo file. Should be in preamble. bibliography \bibliography{FILE1,FILE2, ... ,FILEn} Specifies the bibdata files. bibliographystyle \bibliographystyle{STYLE} Style of numbering of bibliographies. plain normal unsrt without sorting alpha gives tag like "Foo94" abbrv omit the first name of author, publishing month, book title thebibliography \begin{thebibliography}{LONGEST-LABEL} \bibitem{ITEM},... \end{thebibliography} The thebibliography environment is a list environment. To save the use of an extra counter, it should use enumiv as the item counter. Instead of using \item, items in the bibliography are produced by the \bibitem command. LONGEST-LABEL is a dummy string to notify the maximum width of label. --- <refer bibitem> bibitem \bibitem{NAME} \bibitem[LABEL]{NAME} Produces a numbered (as [1], [2],...) entry cited as NAME. Second form produces an entry labeled by LABEL and cited as NAME. thefootnote In usual LaTeX style, produces the footnote number. If footnotes are to be numbered within pages, then the document style file must include an \@addtoreset command to cause the footnote counter to be reset when the page counter is stepped. This is not a good idea, though, because the counter will not always be reset in time to ensure that the first footnote on a page is footnote number one. footnote \footnote{NOTE} or \footnote[NUM]{NOTE} User command to insert a footnote. In second form, insert a footnote numbered NUM, where NUM is a number -- 1, 2, etc. For example, if footnotes are numbered *, **, etc. within pages, then \footnote[2]{...} produces footnote '**'. This command does not step the footnote counter. If you want footnote number as marks, define as follows in preamble; \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} The next definition produces dagger marks followed by sequential number. \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{$\dagger$\arabic{footnote}} (fragile) footnotemark \footnotemark[NUM] Command to produce just the footnote mark in the text, but no footnote. With no argument, it steps the footnote counter before generating the mark. footnotetext \footnotetext[NUM]{TEXT} Command to produce the footnote but no mark. \footnote is equivalent to \footnotemark \footnotetext . footnotesize {\footnotesize ...} Size-changing command for footnotes. footnotesep \footnotesep The height of a strut placed at the beginning of every footnote. footnoterule \footnoterule Macro to draw the rule separating footnotes from text. It is executed right after a \vspace of \skip\footins. It should take zero vertical space--i.e., it should to a negative skip to compensate for any positive space it occupies. (See PLAIN.TEX.) documentstyle \documentstyle[OPTION1,OPTION2, ... ,OPTIONn]{STYLE} The user starts one's file with the command as above which loads the OPTION's respectively and \input's the file STYLE.sty. documentclass \documentclass[OPTION1,OPTION2, ... ,OPTIONn]{STYLE} In LaTeX2e, user starts one's file with the command as above which loads the OPTION's respectively and \input's the file STYLE.cls. usepackage \usepackage[OPTIONS]{PACKAGE} Use additional package `PACKAGE' with option `OPTION'. verb \verb#CONTENTS# The command \verb produces in-line verbatim text, where the argument is delimited by any pair of characters. E.g., \verb #...# takes '...' as its argument, and sets it verbatim in \tt font. The *-variants of these commands is the same, except that spaces print as the TeXbook's space character instead of as blank spaces. styleparameter topfigrule \topfigrule Command to place rule (or whatever) between floats at top of page and text. Executed in inner vertical mode right before the \textfloatsep skip separating the floats from the text. Must occupy zero vertical space. (See \footnoterule.) botfigrule \setlength{\botfigrule}{LENGTH} Same as \topfigrule, but put after the \textfloatsep skip separating text from the floats at bottom of page. intextsep \setlength{\intextsep}{LENGTH} Space left on top and bottom of an in-text float. newpage \newpage Advance to a new page. \clearpage Output the unfinished table of images, if any, and clear page. \cleardoublepage Same as \clearpage except that when spread style (such as book), start a new page with odd page. \newpage Finish current column when twocolumn. clearpage \clearpage <refer newpage> cleardoublepage \cleardoublepage <refer newpage> length Here are the available units of length in TeX. cm centi meter em width of `M' ex height of `x' in inch (=2.54cm) mm mi.li meter pc pica(=12pt) pt point (72.27pt=1 inch) \fill Freely extendable length whose normal length is 0 \stretch{X} X-times as long as \fill stretch \stretch{X} <refer length> twocolumn \twocolumn[STRING] Clear page and start two-column typesetting. Optional argument [STRING] specifies the page-acrossing title. If you want to output one-column title page with two-column body, describe like this; \twocolumn[ \begin{titlepage} {\LARGE YourTitle} \vspace*{1em} \begin{abstract} Your Abstract blah blah... \end{abstract} \end{titlepage} ] ->onecolumn onecolumn \onecolumn Clear page and start one-column typesetting. ->twocolumn topnewpage \topnewpage{BOX} Begin a new page and create the parbox-ed BOX whose width is \textwidth. This is useful to make a page-acrossing title in a twocolumn page. breakbox \begin{breakbox} ... \end{breakbox} Make a surrounding frame extended across pages. Useful for cite a long program list. Requires `\usepackage{eclbkbox}' verbfile \verbfile{FILE} Include a FILE in verbatim format. Requires `\usepackage{misc}' See also \listing listing \listing{FILE} Include a FILE in verbatim format with line number. Requires `\usepackage{misc}' See also \verbfile ascmac \usepackage{ascmac} The `ascmac' package provides * \boxnote environment notebook-like box * \screen environment corner-rounded box suitable for screen output * \itembox environment itemizing box * \shadebox environment shaded box * \keytop macro keytop * \yen Yen mark * \return-key * \mask, \maskbox boxnote \begin{boxnote} ... \end{boxnote} Enclose with notebook-like square. Defined in ascmac.sty. <refer ascmac> screen \begin{screen} ... \end{screen} Enclose with corner-rounded square which stands for screen output. Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' <refere ascmac> itembox \begin{itembox}{ITEMSTRING} ... \end{itembox} Enclose box with ITEMSTRING header. Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' <refere ascmac> shadebox \begin{shadebox} ... \end{shadebox} Enclose shaded box. Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' <refere ascmac> keytop \keytop{KEY} Output a keytop designed character. Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' <refere ascmac> mask \mask{STRING}{MASKTYPE} Make a masked STRING. MASKTYPE is one of character A through K. eg.) \mask{This is a pen!}{C} Mask types are viewed at http://www.yatex.org/help/ascmac-mask.jpg Defined in `\usepackage{ascmac}' <refere ascmac> maskbox \maskbox{WIDTH}{HEIGHT}{MASKTYPE}{POS}{STRING} Make a masked box of WIDTH x HEIGHT which contains STRING located in POS. Masking type MASKTYPE is one of character A through K. eg.) \maskbox{5cm}{2.5em}{G}{c}{Year!} Mask types are viewed at http://www.yatex.org/help/ascmac-mask.jpg Requires `\usepackage{ascmac}' <refere ascmac> alltt \begin{alltt} ... \end{alltt} An environment like verbatim except in which TeX macro can be used. comment \begin{comment} ... \end{comment} Comment out enclosed environment. But if \includeversion{comment} appears, enclosed part activated. Putting \excludeversion{ENV} defines new environment ENV which works equivalently to comment environment. Requires `\usepackage{version}' bou \bou{STRING} Put the emphasizing dot on each characters in STRING. Requires `\usepackage{plext}' url \url{URL_STRING} Put URL string with reasonable folding. Requires `\usepackage{url}' longtable \begin{longtable}{POSSTRING} ... \end{longtable} Same as table, but can be spreaded across pages. Requires `\usepackage{longtable}' fancybox \usepackage{fancybox} Provides some fancy boxes. * \shadowbox{} * \ovalbox{} * \doublebox{} shadowbox \shadowbox{STRING} Surround a STRING by shadow box. Require `\usepackage{fancybox}` <ref fancybox> ovalbox \ovalbox{STRING} Surround a STRING by oval box Require `\usepackage{fancybox}` <ref fancybox> Ovalbox \Ovalbox{STRING} Surround a STRING by thick oval box. Require `\usepackage{fancybox}` <ref fancybox> doublebox \doublebox{STRING} Surround a STRING by double frame. Require `\usepackage{fancybox}` <ref fancybox> quote \begin{quote} ... \end{quote} quotation without paragraph quotation \begin{quotation} ... \end{quotation} quoted environment which might contains paragraphs textcircled \textcircled{CHAR} Enclose `char' with small circle. Because this circle is as large as one character, you had better encolose `CHAR' with {\small ...}, {\tiny ...}, {\scriptsize ...}. hfill \hfill Insert a space as wide as possible. Same as \hspace{\fill}. foo\hfill bar produces; foo bar foo\hfill bar\hfill baz produces; foo bar baz \hfill can't produce space at the beginning of the line because \hfill is a kind of \hspace{}. If you make right-justified world in a line, write \hspace*{\fill}. hfil \hfil Same as \hfill, but little bit weak. vfill \vfill Make vertical space in utmost length , the same as \vspace{\fill}. cf. \hfill hrulefill \hrulefill Draw underline in utmost length. backslashbox \usepackage{slashbox} \backslashbox{A}{B} Draw a back-slash in a column of tabular. \begin{tabular} \hline \backslashbox{A}{B} & hoge \\ \hline \end{tabular} +----+--------+ | \ B| | | A\ | hoge | +----+--------+ slashbox \slashbox{A}{B} Draw long slash line in a column of tabular. See also backslashbox. ooalign {\ooalign{String1\crcr String2...} Set line spacing to zero and shift to double-strike mode. This can be used for generating circled character. Look this; \newcommand{\maru}[1]{{\ooalign {\hfill$\scriptstyle#1$\hfill\crcr$\bigcirc$}}} \crcr is the equivalent of \\ for tabulars. Note that \ooalign change the spacing parameters. So you should enclose \ooalign itself with { }. maru \maru{R} Circle one character. Declare the \newcommand as below; \newcommand{\maru}[1]{{\ooalign {\hfill$\scriptstyle#1$\hfill\crcr$\bigcirc$}}} today \date{\today} Use this as the argument of \date{}. Set the document's date in title to today. NamedColor \textcolor[named]{COLOR}{TEXT}, for example. With `\usepackage{color}', you can use colors listed below. GreenYellow Yellow Goldenrod Dandelion Apricot Peach Melon YellowOrange Orange BurntOrange Bittersweet RedOrange Mahogany Maroon BrickRed Red OrangeRed RubineRed WildStrawberry Salmon CarnationPink Magenta VioletRed Rhodamine Mulberry RedViolet Fuchsia Lavender Thistle OrchidDarkOrchid Purple Plum Violet RoyalPurple BlueViolet Periwinkle CadetBlue CornflowerBlue MidnightBlue NavyBlue RoyalBlue Blue Cerulean Cyan ProcessBlue SkyBlue Turquoise TealBlue Aquamarine BlueGreen Emerald JungleGreen SeaGreen Green ForestGreen PineGreen LimeGreen YellowGreen SpringGreen OliveGreen RawSienna Sepia Brown Tan Gray Black White) See also http://www.yatex.org/help/color.tex textcolor \textcolor{COLOR}{TEXT} Put the TEXT colored with COLOR. <refer NamedColor> pagecolor \pagecolor{COLOR} Set background color of the page to COLOR. <refer NamedColor> color \color{COLOR} Set text color of the page to COLOR. <refer NamedColor> colorbox \colorbox{COLOR}{TEXT} Put TEXT in the box whose background color is COLRO. <refer NamedColor> fcolorbox \fcolorbox{FCOLOR}{BGCOLOR}{TEXT} Put text int the box whose frame color is FCOLOR and background BGCOLOR. <refer NamedColor> rotatebox \rotatebox{ANGLE}{TEXT} Put TEXT with rotated by ANGLE-degrees, unclockwise. Require `\usepackage{graphicx}'. resizebox \resizebox{WIDTH}{HEIGHT}{TEXT} Put TEXT enlarging/shrinking to WIDTH and HEIGHT. You can omit either of WIDHT or HEIGHT. In that case, specify `!'. \resizebox{!}{40mm}{TEXT} outputs TEXT with 40mm in height. Require `\usepackage{graphicx}'. scalebox \scalebox{MAG}[V-MAG]{TEXT} Put TEXT maginifiyng by MAG. V-MAG for vertical magnification factor is optional. Negative values for magnification factor flip the TEXT in that direction. Require `\usepackage{graphicx}'. reflectbox \reflectbox{TEXT} Flip TEXT horizontally. Equivalent to \scalebox{-1}[1]{TEXT}. Require `\usepackage{graphicx}'. ulem \usepackage{ulem} \usepackage{ulem} The `ulem' package provides macros listed below. \uline{Underlined Text} \uwave{Waved-Unlderlined Text} \uuline{Double Underlined Text} (Information by TSUCHIYA Masatoshi <tsuchiya@pine.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp>) uline \uline{TEXT} Put TEXT with underline. <refer ulem> uwave \uwave{TEXT} Put TEXT with waved underline. <refer ulem> uuline \uuline{TEXT} Put TEXT with double underline. <refer ulem> showkeys.sty \usepackage[options]{showkeys} In margin area, output `(?)' marks for unlabeled math-expressions, `?label?' marks for unreferred labels. Optional arguments are one of; showrefs, norefs, showcites, nocites, msgs, nomsgs, chkunlbld, ignoreunlbld. msgs/nomsgs specifies whether output messages in *.log file or not. `\usepackage{showkeys}' should be located before the declaration for AMS-LaTeX or HyperRef, if any. Another style `refcheck.sty' can also output labeling information including `\ref{***}' macros themselves. (Information by Masaki Shigemori <mshige@ucla.edu>) table* \begin{table*} ... \end{table*} Put tabular in one column at the top of page even if in twocolumn mode. figure* \begin{figure*} ... \end{figure*} Put figure in one column at the top of page even if in twocolumn mode. If you put figure bottom of page instead of top, use nidanfloat.sty instead. \begin{figure*}[b] \includegraphics{blahblahblah} \caption{foo bar baz} \end{figure*} includegraphics \usepackage{graphicx} ... \includegraphics[Options]{graphicfile.eps} Include graphics。Requires `graphicx' package. Possible [Options] are as follows. scale=X width=W height=H draft (Frame only) angle=R origin=RotationOrigin (One of `c', `tl', `tr', `bl' or `br') bb=llx lly urx ury (Specify BoundingBox) viewport=llx lly urx ury (Rerative to BoundingBox) trim=left bottom right top abstract \begin{abstract} ... \end{abstract} Output abstract \langle $\langle$ `<' in math-modes. \langle $rlangle$ `>' in math-modes. \slash \slash slash(/) itself. \textbackslash \textbackslash backslash(\) itself. YaTeX (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist)) The mode you are probably using now. Bells and whistles for using LaTeX at a breeze. [pronunciation] ``ya-tek'' for programs as yatex.el, ``ya-cho'' when referring to the whole system. ``ya-cho'' in Japanese stands for ``wild bird'' yatex (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.tex$" . yatex-mode) auto-mode-alist)) <refer YaTeX>